Neural Network-Based Face Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Example-Based Learning for View-Based Human Face Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Improved Boosting Algorithms Using Confidence-rated Predictions
Machine Learning - The Eleventh Annual Conference on computational Learning Theory
The FERET Evaluation Methodology for Face-Recognition Algorithms
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Fast and Accurate Face Detector Based on Neural Networks
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
From Few to Many: Illumination Cone Models for Face Recognition under Variable Lighting and Pose
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Detecting Faces in Images: A Survey
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Multiresolution Gray-Scale and Rotation Invariant Texture Classification with Local Binary Patterns
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Robust Face Detection Using the Hausdorff Distance
AVBPA '01 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication
Training Support Vector Machines: an Application to Face Detection
CVPR '97 Proceedings of the 1997 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR '97)
Rotation Invariant Neural Network-Based Face Detection
CVPR '98 Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Boosting Chain Learning for Object Detection
ICCV '03 Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Robust Real-Time Face Detection
International Journal of Computer Vision
Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints
International Journal of Computer Vision
FloatBoost Learning and Statistical Face Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Boosting Nested Cascade Detector for Multi-View Face Detection
ICPR '04 Proceedings of the Pattern Recognition, 17th International Conference on (ICPR'04) Volume 2 - Volume 02
Convolutional Face Finder: A Neural Architecture for Fast and Robust Face Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face Detection Using Improved LBP under Bayesian Framework
ICIG '04 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Image and Graphics
Histograms of Oriented Gradients for Human Detection
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 1 - Volume 01
Vector Boosting for Rotation Invariant Multi-View Face Detection
ICCV '05 Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'05) Volume 1 - Volume 01
Joint Haar-like Features for Face Detection
ICCV '05 Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Face Description with Local Binary Patterns: Application to Face Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Classification by evolutionary ensembles
Pattern Recognition
High-Performance Rotation Invariant Multiview Face Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Component-based Framework for Face Detection and Identification
International Journal of Computer Vision
Fast Asymmetric Learning for Cascade Face Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF)
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
An Evaluation of Local Features for Face Detection and Localization
WIAMIS '08 Proceedings of the 2008 Ninth International Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services
Face Components Detection Using SURF Descriptors and SVMs
IMVIP '08 Proceedings of the 2008 International Machine Vision and Image Processing Conference
Particle swarm optimization based AdaBoost for face detection
CEC'09 Proceedings of the Eleventh conference on Congress on Evolutionary Computation
A receptive field based approach for face detection
IJCNN'09 Proceedings of the 2009 international joint conference on Neural Networks
Object detection using spatial histogram features
Image and Vision Computing
LACBoost and FisherBoost: optimally building cascade classifiers
ECCV'10 Proceedings of the 11th European conference on Computer vision: Part II
Feature-centric evaluation for efficient cascaded object detection
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Learning object detection from a small number of examples: the importance of good features
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Fast rotation invariant multi-view face detection based on real adaboost
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
CVPR'03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
SURF: speeded up robust features
ECCV'06 Proceedings of the 9th European conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part I
Fast and Robust Face Detection Using Evolutionary Pruning
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
Face detection using spectral histograms and SVMs
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
The CAS-PEAL Large-Scale Chinese Face Database and Baseline Evaluations
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
A Bayesian discriminating features method for face detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face detection based on multi-block LBP representation
ICB'07 Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Advances in Biometrics
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The performance of an efficient and accurate face detection system depends on several issues: (1) distinctive representation for face patterns; (2) effective algorithm for feature selection and classifier learning; (3) suitable framework for rapid background removal. To address the first issue, we propose to represent face patterns with a set of heterogeneous and complementary feature descriptors including the Generalized Haar-like (GH) descriptor, Multi-Block Local Binary Patterns (MB-LBP) descriptor and Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF) descriptor. To address the second issue, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is incorporated into the Adaboost framework, replacing the exhaustive search used in original Adaboost for efficient feature selection. The utilization of heterogeneous feature descriptors enriches the diversity of feature types for Adaboost learning algorithm. As a result, classification performance of the boosted ensemble classifier also improves significantly. A three-stage hierarchical classifier structure is proposed to tackle the last issue. In particular, a new stage is added to detect candidate face regions more quickly by using a large size window with a large moving step. Nonlinear support vector machine (SVM) classifiers are used instead of decision stump classifiers in the last stage to remove those remaining complex non-face patterns that cannot be rejected in the previous two stages. Combining the abovementioned effective modules, we derive the proposed Hetero-PSO-Adaboost-SVM face detector that achieves superior detection accuracy while maintaining a low training and detection complexity. Extensive experiments demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of our system by comparing it with several popular state-of-the-art algorithms on our own test set as well as the widely used CMU+MIT frontal and CMU profile face dataset.