On-Line and Off-Line Handwriting Recognition: A Comprehensive Survey
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
The Role of Holistic Paradigms in Handwritten Word Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Human Interactive Proofs and Document Image Analysis
DAS '02 Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems V
Pessimal Print: A Reverse Turing Test
ICDAR '01 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Is It Human or Computer? Defending E-Commerce with Captchas
IT Professional
Human computation
ICASSP '01 Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2001. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 03
CAPTCHA: using hard AI problems for security
EUROCRYPT'03 Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on Theory and applications of cryptographic techniques
A CAPTCHA Implementation Based on Moving Objects Recognition Problem
ICEE '10 Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government
A highly legible CAPTCHA that resists segmentation attacks
HIP'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Human Interactive Proofs
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The Complete Automatic Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA) is a modern implementation of the Turing test. A CAPTCHA asks a series of questions which are supposed to be relatively easy for mature human beings but hard for machines to answer. A CAPTCHA, as its name suggests, is generally used as a tool to distinguish human beings from machines when the corresponding party is invisible in a remote site. There are many CAPTCHAs proposed and widely used in many Internet applications, with varied strength and performance. In this article, a review of current CAPTCHAs is presented. Analysis and comparisons are provided for various CAPTCHAs. Two types of new CAPTCHAs, intelligent and multimedia CAPTCHAs, are proposed. Our experiments have shown that the newly proposed CAPTCHAs have stronger protection than most existing CAPTCHAs and they can be applied to various web applications, such as e-commerce.