An introduction to ROC analysis
Pattern Recognition Letters - Special issue: ROC analysis in pattern recognition
Structural Feature-Based Image Hashing and Similarity Metric for Tampering Detection
Fundamenta Informaticae
Edge-based spatial descriptor for content-based image retrieval
CIVR'05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Image and Video Retrieval
Robust and Secure Image Hashing via Non-Negative Matrix Factorizations
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security - Part 1
Robust and secure image hashing
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
A robust image authentication method distinguishing JPEG compression from malicious manipulation
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
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Image hashing is an emerging technology for the need of, such as image authentication, digital watermarking, image copy detection and image indexing in multimedia processing, which derives a content-based compact representation, called image hash, from an input image. In this paper we study a robust image hashing algorithm with histogram of color vector angles. Specifically, the input image is first converted to a normalized image by interpolation and low-pass filtering. Color vector angles are then calculated. Thirdly, the histogram is extracted for those angles in the inscribed circle of the normalized image. Finally, the histogram is compressed to form a compact hash. We conduct experiments for evaluating the proposed hashing, and show that the proposed hashing is robust against normal digital operations, such as JPEG compression, watermarking embedding, scaling, rotation, brightness adjustment, contrast adjustment, gamma correction, and Gaussian low-pass filtering. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve comparisons indicate that our hashing performs much better than three representative methods in classification between perceptual robustness and discriminative capability.