High-latency, low-bandwidth windowing in the Jupiter collaboration system
Proceedings of the 8th annual ACM symposium on User interface and software technology
An integrating, transformation-oriented approach to concurrency control and undo in group editors
CSCW '96 Proceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Operational transformation in real-time group editors: issues, algorithms, and achievements
CSCW '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Flexible notification for collaborative systems
CSCW '02 Proceedings of the 2002 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Ensuring Content and Intention Consistency in Real-Time Group Editors
ICDCS '04 Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS'04)
Consistency maintenance based on the mark & retrace technique in groupware systems
GROUP '05 Proceedings of the 2005 international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work
Operation context and context-based operational transformation
CSCW '06 Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Transparent adaptation of single-user applications for multi-user real-time collaboration
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
A New Operational Transformation Framework for Real-Time Group Editors
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
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Concurrency control is a key issue in distributed systems. A number of techniques have been devised to tackle the issue, but these techniques are generally unsuitable to be used in collaborative systems, which have the special requirements of consistency maintenance, responsiveness, and unconstrained interaction. OT (Operational Transformation) is an optimistic concurrency control technique originally invented for synchronous collaborative systems to meet these requirements. But existing transformation control algorithms are inefficient to be used in asynchronous systems. In this paper, we present an OT-based concurrency control solution for asynchronous collaborative systems, including an efficient contextualization-based transformation control algorithm underpinned by operation propagation and replaying protocols to achieve contextualization. The solution has been formally verified in terms of consistency maintenance and demonstrated by a variety of prototype collaborative applications.