Concurrency control in groupware systems
SIGMOD '89 Proceedings of the 1989 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
A framework for undoing actions in collaborative systems
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
An integrating, transformation-oriented approach to concurrency control and undo in group editors
CSCW '96 Proceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Operational transformation in real-time group editors: issues, algorithms, and achievements
CSCW '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Operation transforms for a distributed shared spreadsheet
CSCW '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Reducing the problems of group undo
GROUP '99 Proceedings of the international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work
Copies convergence in a distributed real-time collaborative environment
CSCW '00 Proceedings of the 2000 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system
Communications of the ACM
Consistency maintenance in real-time collaborative graphics editing systems
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
On the consistency problem in mobile distributed computing
Proceedings of the second ACM international workshop on Principles of mobile computing
Undo as concurrent inverse in group editors
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Generalizing operational transformation to the standard general markup language
CSCW '02 Proceedings of the 2002 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Flexible notification for collaborative systems
CSCW '02 Proceedings of the 2002 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Transparent sharing and interoperation of heterogeneous single-user applications
CSCW '02 Proceedings of the 2002 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Proof of correctness of Ressel's adOPTed algorithm
Information Processing Letters
A Time Interval Based Consistency Control Algorithm for Interactive Groupware Applications
ICPADS '04 Proceedings of the Parallel and Distributed Systems, Tenth International Conference
Leveraging single-user applications for multi-user collaboration: the coword approach
CSCW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Operational transformation for collaborative word processing
CSCW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Preserving operation effects relation in group editors
CSCW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Consistency maintenance based on the mark & retrace technique in groupware systems
GROUP '05 Proceedings of the 2005 international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work
Transparent adaptation of single-user applications for multi-user real-time collaboration
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Proving correctness of transformation functions in real-time groupware
ECSCW'03 Proceedings of the eighth conference on European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Customizable collaborative editor relying on treeOPT algorithm
ECSCW'03 Proceedings of the eighth conference on European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work
A collaborative table editing technique based on transparent adaptation
OTM'05 Proceedings of the 2005 Confederated international conference on On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems - Volume >Part I
Transparent adaptation of single-user applications for multi-user real-time collaboration
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
An analysis of intention preservation in group editors
Proceedings of the twenty-sixth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Applying Web 2.0 Design Principles in the Design of Cooperative Applications
CDVE '08 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Cooperative Design, Visualization, and Engineering
Multi-level Editing of Hierarchical Documents
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
An Admissibility-Based Operational Transformation Framework for Collaborative Editing Systems
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
CLAF: Solving intention violation of step-wise operations in CAD groupware
Advanced Engineering Informatics
Scalable XML collaborative editing with undo
OTM'10 Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on On the move to meaningful internet systems - Volume Part I
Regional undo/redo techniques for large interactive surfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Optimistic and efficient concurrency control for asynchronous collaborative systems
ACSC '11 Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Australasian Computer Science Conference - Volume 113
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Operational Transformation (OT) is a technique for consistency maintenance and group undo, and is being applied to an increasing number of collaborative applications. The theoretical foundation for OT is crucial in determining its capability to solve existing and new problems, as well as the quality of those solutions. The theory of causality has been the foundation of all prior OT systems, but it is inadequate to capture essential correctness requirements. Past research had invented various patches to work around this problem, resulting in increasingly intricate and complicated OT algorithms. After having designed, implemented, and experimented with a series of OT algorithms, we reflected on what had been learned and set out to develop a new theoretical framework for better understanding and resolving OT problems, reducing its complexity, and supporting its continual evolution. In this paper, we report the main results of this effort: the theory of operation context and the COT (Context-based OT) algorithm. The COT algorithm is capable of supporting both do and undo of any operations at anytime, without requiring transformation functions to preserve Reversibility Property, Convergence Property 2, Inverse Properties 2 and 3. The COT algorithm is not only simpler and more efficient than prior OT control algorithms, but also simplifies the design of transformation functions. We have implemented the COT algorithm in a generic collaboration engine and used it for supporting a range of novel collaborative applications.