The drinking philosophers problem
ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS) - Lecture notes in computer science Vol. 174
Optimistic recovery in distributed systems
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS)
Complexity of network synchronization
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Distributed discrete-event simulation
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Highly available distributed services and fault-tolerant distributed garbage collection
PODC '86 Proceedings of the fifth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Discarding Obsolete Information in a Replicated Database System
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering - Special issue on distributed systems
A distributed algorithm to prevent mutual drift between n logical clocks
Information Processing Letters
A Heuristically-Aided Algorithm for Mutual Exclusion in Distributed Systems
IEEE Transactions on Computers
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Synchronization and control of distributed systems and programs
Synchronization and control of distributed systems and programs
Logical Time in Distributed Computing Systems
Computer - Distributed computing systems: separate resources acting as one
Concerning the size of logical clocks in distributed systems
Information Processing Letters
An efficient implementation of vector clocks
Information Processing Letters
On the coding of dependencies in distributed computations abstract
PODC '94 Proceedings of the thirteenth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
An optimal algorithm for mutual exclusion in computer networks
Communications of the ACM
Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system
Communications of the ACM
Sacrificing serializability to attain high availability of data in an unreliable network
PODS '82 Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD symposium on Principles of database systems
Efficient solutions to the replicated log and dictionary problems
PODC '84 Proceedings of the third annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
The Use of Efficient Broadcast Protocols in Asynchronous Distributed Systems
The Use of Efficient Broadcast Protocols in Asynchronous Distributed Systems
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Simulating Lyme disease using parallel discrete event simulation
WSC '96 Proceedings of the 28th conference on Winter simulation
Wireless Networks - Special issue: mobile computing and networking: selected papers from MobiCom '96
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Efficient Distributed Detection of Conjunctions of Local Predicates
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Optimal locking integrated with operational transformation in distributed real-time group editors
Proceedings of the eighteenth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
On event ordering in parallel discrete event simulation
PADS '99 Proceedings of the thirteenth workshop on Parallel and distributed simulation
Exploiting temporal uncertainty in parallel and distributed simulations
PADS '99 Proceedings of the thirteenth workshop on Parallel and distributed simulation
Quasi-Synchronous Checkpointing: Models, Characterization, and Classification
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
RecPlay: a fully integrated practical record/replay system
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Pre-sampling as an approach for exploiting temporal uncertainty
PADS '00 Proceedings of the fourteenth workshop on Parallel and distributed simulation
Causal consistency in mobile environment
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
Causality representation and cancellation mechanism in time warp simulations
Proceedings of the fifteenth workshop on Parallel and distributed simulation
Consistency maintenance in real-time collaborative graphics editing systems
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Tracking immediate predecessors in distributed computations
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The concept of causal-phase ordering for overlapped broadcasts
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
Modeling concurrent real-time processes using discrete events
Annals of Software Engineering
Non-Intrusive Detection of Synchronization Errors Using Execution Replay
Automated Software Engineering
Cluster Forming Interval Sub-Algebras
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Logical Time in Distributed Software Systems
Programming and Computing Software
On the minimal information to encode timestamps in distributed computations
Information Processing Letters
Collaborative Web Computing Environment: An Infrastructure for Scientific Computation
IEEE Internet Computing
Fundamentals of Distributed System Observation
IEEE Software
Optional and Responsive Fine-Grain Locking in Internet-Based Collaborative Systems
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Design and Implementation of a Framework for Monitoring Distributed Component Interactions
IDMS '00 Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Interactive Distributed Multimedia Systems and Telecommunication Services
Capturing Causality by Compressed Vector Clock in Real-Time Group Editors
IPDPS '02 Proceedings of the 16th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
Preserving Causality in a Scalable Message-Oriented Middleware
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Timestamping Algorithms: A Characterization and a Few Properties
Euro-Par '00 Proceedings from the 6th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing
Illustrating the Use of Vector Clocks in Property Detection: An Example and a Counter-Example
Euro-Par '99 Proceedings of the 5th International Euro-Par Conference on Parallel Processing
Time in Distributed System Models and Algorithms
Advances in Distributed Systems, Advanced Distributed Computing: From Algorithms to Systems
A Group-Based Time-Stamping Scheme for the Preservation of Group Intentions
DCW '02 Revised Papers from the 4th International Workshop on Distributed Communities on the Web
Efficient Replay of PVM Programs
Proceedings of the 6th European PVM/MPI Users' Group Meeting on Recent Advances in Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface
A framework algorithm for dynamic, centralized dimension-bounded timestamps
CASCON '00 Proceedings of the 2000 conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies on Collaborative research
A multi-versioning algorithm for intention preservation in distributed real-time group editors
ACSC '03 Proceedings of the 26th Australasian computer science conference - Volume 16
An Agent Platform for Reliable Asynchronous Distributed Programming
SRDS '99 Proceedings of the 18th IEEE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems
Form: A Framework for Creating Views of Program Executions
ICSM '01 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance (ICSM'01)
Improving real-time collaboration with highlighting
Future Generation Computer Systems - Special issue: Advanced services for clusters and internet computing
Implementing a replicated service with group communication
Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal
Replication for web hosting systems
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Replication for web hosting systems
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Plausible clocks: constant size logical clocks for distributed systems
Distributed Computing
Exploiting Temporal Uncertainty in the Distributed Simulation of Time Petri Nets
ANSS '05 Proceedings of the 38th annual Symposium on Simulation
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Causality-Based Predicate Detection across Space and Time
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Using Consistent Global Checkpoints to Synchronize Processes in Distributed Simulation
DS-RT '05 Proceedings of the 9th IEEE International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real-Time Applications
A Performance Study of Group Editing Algorithms
ICPADS '06 Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems - Volume 1
On consistency and network latency in distributed interactive applications: a survey--part I
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Operation context and context-based operational transformation
CSCW '06 Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Causality information and fossil collection in timewarp simulations
Proceedings of the 38th conference on Winter simulation
A New Operational Transformation Framework for Real-Time Group Editors
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Modelling the provenance of data in autonomous systems
Proceedings of the 6th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems
A Multi-Versioning Scheme for Intention Preservation in Collaborative Editing Systems*
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
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Computers and Graphics
Architecting a chunk-based memory race recorder in modern CMPs
Proceedings of the 42nd Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Mobile agent systems and cellular automata
Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
Tracking causality by visualization of multi-agent interactions using causality graphs
ProMAS'07 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Programming multi-agent systems
Multi-objective optimization of multicast overlays for collaborative applications
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Achieving Data Consistency by Contextualization in Web-Based Collaborative Applications
ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT)
Repeated detection of conjunctive predicates in distributed executions
Information Processing Letters
Databases and Social Networks
Determining consistent states of distributed objects participating in a remote method call
ICCS'05 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Computational Science - Volume Part I
Toward undoing in composite web services
Architecting Dependable Systems III
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ACSC '11 Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Australasian Computer Science Conference - Volume 113
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A distributed computation consists of a set of processes that cooperate and compete to achieve a common goal. These processes do not share a common global memory and communicately solely by passing messages over a communication network. The communication delay is finite but unpredictable. A process's actions are modeled as three types of events: internal, message send, and message receive. An internal event affects only the process at which it occurs, and the events at a process are linearly ordered by their order of occurrence. Send and receive events signify the flow of information between processes and establish causal dependency from the sender process to the receiver process. Consequently, the execution of a distributed application results in a set of distributed events produced by the process. The causal precedence relation induces a partial order on the events of a distributed computation. Causality among events, more formally the causal precedence relation, is a powerful concept for reasoning, analyzing, and drawing inferences about a distributed computation. Knowledge of the causal precedence relation between processes helps programmers, designers, and the system itself solve a variety of problems in distributed computing. The notion of time is basic to capturing the causality between events. Distributed systems have no built-in physical time and can only approximate it. However, in a distributed computation, both the progress and the interaction between processes occur in spurts. Consequently, logical clocks can be used to accurately capture the causality relation between events. This article presents a general framework of a system of logical clocks in distributed systems and discusses three methods--scalar, vector, and matrix--for implementing logical time in these systems.