Why CSCW applications fail: problems in the design and evaluationof organizational interfaces
CSCW '88 Proceedings of the 1988 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
Concurrency control in groupware systems
SIGMOD '89 Proceedings of the 1989 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Groupware: some issues and experiences
Communications of the ACM
Supporting collaborative writing of hyperdocuments in SEPIA
CSCW '92 Proceedings of the 1992 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
Real time groupware as a distributed system: concurrency control and its effect on the interface
CSCW '94 Proceedings of the 1994 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
High-latency, low-bandwidth windowing in the Jupiter collaboration system
Proceedings of the 8th annual ACM symposium on User interface and software technology
Logic and discrete mathematics: a computer science perspective
Logic and discrete mathematics: a computer science perspective
CSCW '96 Proceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
A concurrency control framework for collaborative systems
CSCW '96 Proceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
LICRA: a replicated-data management algorithm for distributed synchronous groupware applications
Parallel Computing - Special issue: distributed and parallel systems: environments and tools
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Operational transformation in real-time group editors: issues, algorithms, and achievements
CSCW '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
A distributed algorithm for graphic objects replication in real-time group editors
GROUP '99 Proceedings of the international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work
Anchored conversations: chatting in the context of a document
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system
Communications of the ACM
Consistency maintenance in real-time collaborative graphics editing systems
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Real-Time Cooperative Editing on the Internet
IEEE Internet Computing
Intention Preservation by Multi-versioning in Distributed Real-Time Group Editors
EDCIS '02 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Engineering and Deployment of Cooperative Information Systems
A Group-Based Time-Stamping Scheme for the Preservation of Group Intentions
DCW '02 Revised Papers from the 4th International Workshop on Distributed Communities on the Web
A multi-versioning algorithm for intention preservation in distributed real-time group editors
ACSC '03 Proceedings of the 26th Australasian computer science conference - Volume 16
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
Geospatial editing over a federated cloud geodatabase for the state of NSW
Proceedings of the 18th SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems
Tracking changes in collaborative writing: edits, visibility and group maintenance
Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work
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Although the multi-version approach to consistency maintenance has been widely discussed and implemented in database systems, version control systems, and asynchronous groupware systems, its potential in real-time groupware systems is largely unexplored. Intention preservation is an important aspect of consistency maintenance in real-time collaborative editing systems, where multiple users cooperate with each other by concurrently editing the same document. The multi-version approach is supposed to be able to preserve individual users' concurrent conflicting intentions. In this article, we propose a new multi-versioning scheme that can preserve not only concurrent conflicting intentions but also contextual intentions while achieving convergence of the document under editing. By extending an existing multi-versioning scheme to a general one that specifies the conditions for convergence, we decouple the discussion of convergence from that of intention preservation. By constraining the general scheme, we arrive at the novel scheme that guarantees to preserve users' intentions. The correctness of the scheme has been formally verified. The design of an algorithm for consistent version composition and identification has been discussed in detail.