The M5 Simulator: Modeling Networked Systems
IEEE Micro
Proceedings of the 39th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
The PARSEC benchmark suite: characterization and architectural implications
Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Parallel architectures and compilation techniques
Power and performance of read-write aware hybrid caches with non-volatile memories
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
Proceedings of the 17th IEEE/ACM international symposium on Low-power electronics and design
A NUCA Substrate for Flexible CMP Cache Sharing
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Double Circular Caching Scheme for DRAM/PRAM Hybrid Cache
RTCSA '12 Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications
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In recent years, NVM (non-volatile memory) technologies, such as STT-RAM (spin transfer torque RAM) and PRAM (phase change RAM), have drawn a lot of attention due to their low leakage and high density. However, both NVMs suffer from high write latency and limited endurance problems. To overcome these problems, the SRAM/NVM hybrid cache architecture has been proposed, and the write pressure on NVM can be mitigated with appropriate write management policy. Moreover, many wear leveling techniques have been proposed to extend the lifetime of NVM in the hybrid cache. In this paper, we proposed a hybrid cache design that includes SRAM cache, STT-RAM cache, and STT-RAM/SRAM hybrid cache banks for CMP (chip multi-processors) architecture. We also propose a partition-level wear leveling scheme and access-aware policies to mitigate unbalanced wear-out of STT-RAM lines within a partition and among different cache partitions. Experimental results show that, our proposed scheme and policies can achieve an average of 89 times improvement in cache lifetime and are able to save 58% power consumption compared to SRAM cache.