Active shape models—their training and application
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
A morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Example-based composite sketching of human portraits
Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Image deformation using moving least squares
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Facial caricature generation using a quadratic deformation model
Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Computer Enterntainment Technology
Parametric reshaping of human bodies in images
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
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We present a system to help users achieve better face warping on 2D portrait images. Faces can be difficult to warp accurately because the rotation of the head affects the shape of the facial features. We bypass this problem by utilizing the Loomis 'ball and plane' head drawing method as a proxy structure. The resulting 'morphable guidelines' consist of a simple 3D head model. This proxy model can be reshaped by the user to mimic the positioning and proportions of a face in their input image. The vertices of the model act as deformation points for a 2D image deformation algorithm. Thus, the user can seamlessly transform the face proportions in the 2D image by transforming the proportions of the morphable guidelines. This technique can be used for both retouching and caricature warping purposes, as it is well-suited for both subtle and extreme modifications. Our system is advantageous over previous work in face warping because our morphable guidelines can be used on a wide range of head orientations and do not require the generation and reintegration of a full 3D model.