Integration of calculation models and CAD systems in building services design
Computer-Aided Design
Watermaking three-dimensional polygonal models
MULTIMEDIA '97 Proceedings of the fifth ACM international conference on Multimedia
A Shape-Preserving Data Embedding Algorithm for NURBS Curves and Surfaces
CGI '99 Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Graphics
Watermarking algorithms for 3D NURBS graphic data
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Laplace-Beltrami spectra as 'Shape-DNA' of surfaces and solids
Computer-Aided Design
Watermarking 2D Vector Maps on Spatial Topology Domain
MINES '09 Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Multimedia Information Networking and Security - Volume 02
CAD drawing watermarking scheme
Digital Signal Processing
Technical Section: Robust and blind mesh watermarking based on volume moments
Computers and Graphics
Watermarking for 3d CAD drawings based on three components
SSPR'06/SPR'06 Proceedings of the 2006 joint IAPR international conference on Structural, Syntactic, and Statistical Pattern Recognition
Topological synchronization mechanism for robust watermarking on 3D semi-regular meshes
ICME '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo
A Comprehensive Survey on Three-Dimensional Mesh Watermarking
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
A Sequential Quantization Strategy for Data Embedding and Integrity Verification
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
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The Computer-Aided Plant Design (CAPD) model characterizes its peculiar complex topology among a tremendous number of plant components under complex constraints rather than just geometrical shapes. Lots of watermarking schemes for CAD models have been proposed for geometrical information protection or authentication. However, in the literature, none of them has mentioned the problem of topology authentication for CAPD models yet. In this paper, a semi-fragile watermarking algorithm for topology authentication of CAPD models is presented. We first discuss the problem of topology authentication of CAPD models. Then a subset of the model's connection points are selected as mark points, also called watermark carriers, according to the mark point selecting principle. We encode the topological relation among components into watermarks. Afterwards, the topology based watermarks are embedded in mark points to keep them in a predefined relationship with neighboring connection points so that any changes will ruin the relationship between marked connection points and neighboring connection points. To the best of our knowledge, our algorithm is the first semi-fragile and blind scheme that can authenticate and verify the topology of CAPD models. Experimental results show that our approach not only can detect and locate malicious topology attacks such as components modification and joint ends modification, but also is robust against various non-malicious attacks such as similarity transformations and simplification.