ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Scale and performance in the Denali isolation kernel
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review - OSDI '02: Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementation
Xen and the art of virtualization
SOSP '03 Proceedings of the nineteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Bridging the gap between software and hardware techniques for I/O virtualization
ATC'08 USENIX 2008 Annual Technical Conference on Annual Technical Conference
Software techniques to improve virtualized I/O performance on multi-core systems
Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems
Achieving 10 Gb/s using safe and transparent network interface virtualization
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS international conference on Virtual execution environments
RouteBricks: exploiting parallelism to scale software routers
Proceedings of the ACM SIGOPS 22nd symposium on Operating systems principles
NOVA: a microhypervisor-based secure virtualization architecture
Proceedings of the 5th European conference on Computer systems
Getting 10 Gb/s from Xen: safe and fast device access from unprivileged domains
Euro-Par'07 Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Parallel processing
Turning down the LAMP: software specialisation for the cloud
HotCloud'10 Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX conference on Hot topics in cloud computing
Is it still possible to extend TCP?
Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement conference
Making middleboxes someone else's problem: network processing as a cloud service
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2012 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Netmap: a novel framework for fast packet I/O
USENIX ATC'12 Proceedings of the 2012 USENIX conference on Annual Technical Conference
Unikernels: library operating systems for the cloud
Proceedings of the eighteenth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Applying operating system principles to SDN controller design
Proceedings of the Twelfth ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks
Towards minimalistic, virtualized content caches with minicache
Proceedings of the 2013 workshop on Hot topics in middleboxes and network function virtualization
ClickOS and the art of network function virtualization
NSDI'14 Proceedings of the 11th USENIX Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation
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Middleboxes are both crucial to today's networks and ubiquitous, but embed knowledge of today's protocols and applications to the detriment of those of tomorrow, making the network harder to evolve. SDNs seek to make it easier to extend the network with new functionality, but most of the research effort has focused on the network's control plane, that is, how packets are switched are routed through a SDN. Given the pervasiveness and importance of middleboxes, we believe that a fully programmable network should also be able to dynamically instantiate and quickly move middlebox functionality. In this paper we shift focus towards making the data plane more programmable by introducing ClickOS, a tiny, Xen-based virtual machine that can run a wide range of middleboxes. ClickOS is small (5MB when running), can be instantiated in very small times (roughly 30 milliseconds) and can fill up a 10Gb pipe while concurrently running 128 vms on a low-cost commodity server.