An empirical study of operating systems errors
SOSP '01 Proceedings of the eighteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Improving the reliability of commodity operating systems
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Optimizing the migration of virtual computers
OSDI '02 Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementationCopyright restrictions prevent ACM from being able to make the PDFs for this conference available for downloading
Diagnosing performance overheads in the xen virtual machine environment
Proceedings of the 1st ACM/USENIX international conference on Virtual execution environments
Direct Cache Access for High Bandwidth Network I/O
Proceedings of the 32nd annual international symposium on Computer Architecture
Live migration of virtual machines
NSDI'05 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 2
Unmodified device driver reuse and improved system dependability via virtual machines
OSDI'04 Proceedings of the 6th conference on Symposium on Opearting Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 6
Optimizing network virtualization in Xen
ATEC '06 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX '06 Annual Technical Conference
High performance and scalable I/O virtualization via self-virtualized devices
Proceedings of the 16th international symposium on High performance distributed computing
Concurrent Direct Network Access for Virtual Machine Monitors
HPCA '07 Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE 13th International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture
Network Virtualization: Breaking the Performance Barrier
Queue - Virtualization
Protection strategies for direct access to virtualized I/O devices
ATC'08 USENIX 2008 Annual Technical Conference on Annual Technical Conference
Bridging the gap between software and hardware techniques for I/O virtualization
ATC'08 USENIX 2008 Annual Technical Conference on Annual Technical Conference
Optimizing TCP receive performance
ATC'08 USENIX 2008 Annual Technical Conference on Annual Technical Conference
Getting 10 Gb/s from Xen: safe and fast device access from unprivileged domains
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IBMon: monitoring VMM-bypass capable InfiniBand devices using memory introspection
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Towards high-quality I/O virtualization
SYSTOR '09 Proceedings of SYSTOR 2009: The Israeli Experimental Systems Conference
Live migration of direct-access devices
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
On the DMA mapping problem in direct device assignment
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Network I/O fairness in virtual machines
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I/O scheduling model of virtual machine based on multi-core dynamic partitioning
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Redesigning xen's memory sharing mechanism for safe and efficient I/O virtualization
WIOV'10 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on I/O virtualization
A network interface card architecture for I/O virtualization in embedded systems
WIOV'10 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on I/O virtualization
I/O virtualization bottlenecks in cloud computing today
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sNICh: efficient last hop networking in the data center
Proceedings of the 6th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems
Evaluating and optimizing I/O virtualization in kernel-based virtual machine (KVM)
NPC'10 Proceedings of the 2010 IFIP international conference on Network and parallel computing
MyriXen: message passing in Xen virtual machines over Myrinet and Ethernet
Euro-Par'09 Proceedings of the 2009 international conference on Parallel processing
The turtles project: design and implementation of nested virtualization
OSDI'10 Proceedings of the 9th USENIX conference on Operating systems design and implementation
Virtual WiFi: bring virtualization from wired to wireless
Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS international conference on Virtual execution environments
SplitX: split guest/hypervisor execution on multi-core
WIOV'11 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on I/O virtualization
VAMOS: virtualization aware middleware
WIOV'11 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on I/O virtualization
Power-efficient networking for balanced system designs: early experiences with PCIe
HotPower '11 Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Power-Aware Computing and Systems
Agent-based thermal management using real-time I/O communication relocation for 3D many-cores
PATMOS'11 Proceedings of the 21st international conference on Integrated circuit and system design: power and timing modeling, optimization, and simulation
Ally: OS-Transparent Packet Inspection Using Sequestered Cores
Proceedings of the 2011 ACM/IEEE Seventh Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems
vPF_RING: towards wire-speed network monitoring using virtual machines
Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement conference
Packet aggregation based network I/O virtualization for cloud computing
Computer Communications
A case for RDMA in clouds: turning supercomputer networking into commodity
Proceedings of the Second Asia-Pacific Workshop on Systems
Understanding modern device drivers
ASPLOS XVII Proceedings of the seventeenth international conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems
ELI: bare-metal performance for I/O virtualization
ASPLOS XVII Proceedings of the seventeenth international conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems
System-level integrated server architectures for scale-out datacenters
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A smart HPC interconnect for clusters of virtual machines
Euro-Par'11 Proceedings of the 2011 international conference on Parallel Processing - Volume 2
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Enabling dynamic network processing with clickOS
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Towards exitless and efficient paravirtual I/O
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High performance network virtualization with SR-IOV
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Enabling dynamic network processing with clickOS
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Improving disk I/O performance in a virtualized system
Journal of Computer and System Sciences
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Streaming as a hypervisor service
Proceedings of the 7th international workshop on Virtualization technologies in distributed computing
An experimental study of cascading performance interference in a virtualized environment
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
Enabling fast, dynamic network processing with clickOS
Proceedings of the second ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Hot topics in software defined networking
Hyper-switch: a scalable software virtual switching architecture
USENIX ATC'13 Proceedings of the 2013 USENIX conference on Annual Technical Conference
Efficient and scalable paravirtual I/O system
USENIX ATC'13 Proceedings of the 2013 USENIX conference on Annual Technical Conference
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ClickOS and the art of network function virtualization
NSDI'14 Proceedings of the 11th USENIX Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation
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This paper presents mechanisms and optimizations to reduce the overhead of network interface virtualization when using the driver domain I/O virtualization model. The driver domain model provides benefits such as support for legacy device drivers and fault isolation. However, the processing overheads incurred in the driver domain to achieve these benefits limit overall I/O performance. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of two approaches to reduce driver domain overheads. First, Xen is modified to support multi-queue network interfaces to eliminate the software overheads of packet demultiplexing and copying. Second, a grant reuse mechanism is developed to reduce memory protection overheads. These mechanisms shift the bottleneck from the driver domain to the guest domains, improving scalability and enabling significantly higher data rates. This paper also presents and evaluates a series of optimizations that substantially reduce the I/O virtualization overheads in the guest domain. In combination, these mechanisms and optimizations increase the maximum throughput achieved by guest domains from 2.9Gb/s to full 10 Gigabit Ethernet link rates.