Autonomy, interaction, and presence
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Premier issue
Affective computing
An objective character believability evaluation procedure for multi-agent story generation systems
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
A motivational model of action selection for virtual humans
CGI '05 Proceedings of the Computer Graphics International 2005
Visual affect recognition
Intelligent Decision Technologies - Special issue on Multimedia/Multimodal Human-Computer Interaction in Knowledge-based Environments
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Any autonomous agent behaviour generation mechanism should incorporate as a core module, a source of internal motivation that functions as a start point for agent behaviour to commence. Intelligent virtual agents are typically respondent to external stimuli, however, their behaviour becomes repetitive and trivial when these stimuli are missing. We argue that it is necessary for virtual agents to be equipped with intrinsic motivations that energise and direct their behaviour, in order to function in a coherent and believable way. Adopting the general principles of hierarchical motivation theories, in the current work, we attempt to model physiological needs as the lowest and basic level of motivations, in a layered motivational architecture. Based on readings from physiology, we present the mechanisms underlying the function of four basic needs and propose a model that allows the incorporation of plausible human-like needs in an intelligent virtual agent.