On the adaptive control of robot manipulators
International Journal of Robotics Research
Flocks, herds and schools: A distributed behavioral model
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Automatica (Journal of IFAC)
Second-order consensus for multiagent systems with directed topologies and nonlinear dynamics
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics - Special issue on game theory
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This paper investigates the flocking problem of networked nonlinear Euler-Lagrange systems with parametric uncertainties, and they are assumed to interact on directed graphs with a directed spanning tree. We propose an adaptive controller to achieve the flocking objective, and the resultant closed-loop networked system bears the cascade structure. Using a new similarity decomposition approach, a critical-characteristic-root based approach, and the input-output stability analysis, we demonstrate the convergence of the position/velocity synchronization errors among the uncertain nonlinear Euler-Lagrange agents. We also show that the velocities of the Euler-Lagrange systems converge to the weighted average velocity value. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed controller.