From ARIES to MARS: transaction support for next-generation, solid-state drives

  • Authors:

  • Joel Coburn;Trevor Bunker;Meir Schwarz;Rajesh Gupta;Steven Swanson

  • Affiliations:

  • University of California, San Diego;University of California, San Diego;University of California, San Diego;University of California, San Diego;University of California, San Diego

  • Venue:
  • Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles
  • Year:
  • 2013

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Abstract

Transaction-based systems often rely on write-ahead logging (WAL) algorithms designed to maximize performance on disk-based storage. However, emerging fast, byte-addressable, non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies (e.g., phase-change memories, spin-transfer torque MRAMs, and the memristor) present very different performance characteristics, so blithely applying existing algorithms can lead to disappointing performance. This paper presents a novel storage primitive, called editable atomic writes (EAW), that enables sophisticated, highly-optimized WAL schemes in fast NVM-based storage systems. EAWs allow applications to safely access and modify log contents rather than treating the log as an append-only, write-only data structure, and we demonstrate that this can make implementating complex transactions simpler and more efficient. We use EAWs to build MARS, a WAL scheme that provides the same as features ARIES [26] (a widely-used WAL system for databases) but avoids making disk-centric implementation decisions. We have implemented EAWs and MARS in a next-generation SSD to demonstrate that the overhead of EAWs is minimal compared to normal writes, and that they provide large speedups for transactional updates to hash tables, B+trees, and large graphs. In addition, MARS outperforms ARIES by up to 3.7 x while reducing software complexity.