Onyx: a protoype phase change memory storage array
HotStorage'11 Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX conference on Hot topics in storage and file systems
SCMFS: a file system for storage class memory
Proceedings of 2011 International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis
Age-based PCM wear leveling with nearly zero search cost
Proceedings of the 49th Annual Design Automation Conference
Hybrid DRAM/PRAM-based main memory for single-chip CPU/GPU
Proceedings of the 49th Annual Design Automation Conference
PreSET: improving performance of phase change memories by exploiting asymmetry in write times
Proceedings of the 39th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture
Hardware-Assisted Cooperative Integration of Wear-Leveling and Salvaging for Phase Change Memory
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO)
SCMFS: A File System for Storage Class Memory and its Extensions
ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS)
Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles
ACM SIGOPS 24th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles
From ARIES to MARS: transaction support for next-generation, solid-state drives
Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles
NVM duet: unified working memory and persistent store architecture
Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
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Phase Change Memory (PCM) may become a viable alternative for the design of main memory systems in the next few years. However PCM suffers from limited write endurance. Therefore future adoption of PCM as a technology for main memory will depend on the availability of practical solutions for wear leveling that avoids uneven usage especially in the presence of potentially malicious users. First generation wear leveling algorithms were designed for typical workloads and have significantly reduced lifetime under malicious access patterns that try to write to the same line continuously. Secure wear leveling algorithms were recently proposed. They can handle such malicious attacks, but require that wear leveling is done at a rate that is orders of magnitude higher than what is sufficient for typical applications, thereby incurring significantly high write overhead, potentially impairing overall performance system. This paper proposes a practical wear-leveling framework that can provide years of lifetime under attacks while still incurring negligible (