Enhancing lifetime and security of PCM-based main memory with start-gap wear leveling
Proceedings of the 42nd Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Moneta: A High-Performance Storage Array Architecture for Next-Generation, Non-volatile Memories
MICRO '43 Proceedings of the 2010 43rd Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Practical and secure PCM systems by online detection of malicious write streams
HPCA '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE 17th International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture
Using active NVRAM for I/O staging
Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Petascal data analytics: challenges and opportunities
The dynamic granularity memory system
Proceedings of the 39th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture
An efficient non-volatile main memory using phase change memory
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Systems and Technologies
Using vector interfaces to deliver millions of IOPS from a networked key-value storage server
Proceedings of the Third ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing
Memorage: emerging persistent RAM based malleable main memory and storage architecture
Proceedings of the 27th international ACM conference on International conference on supercomputing
A case study on the application of real phase-change RAM to main memory subsystem
DATE '12 Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
Optimizing the file system with variable-length I/O for fast storage devices
Proceedings of the 4th Asia-Pacific Workshop on Systems
Bankshot: caching slow storage in fast non-volatile memory
Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Interactions of NVM/FLASH with Operating Systems and Workloads
Phase change memory in enterprise storage systems: silver bullet or snake oil?
Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Interactions of NVM/FLASH with Operating Systems and Workloads
Triple-A: a Non-SSD based autonomic all-flash array for high performance storage systems
Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Improving writeback performance of memory-based storage devices
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication
Endurance-aware cache line management for non-volatile caches
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO)
Getting real: lessons in transitioning research simulations into hardware systems
FAST'13 Proceedings of the 11th USENIX conference on File and Storage Technologies
Strata: scalable high-performance storage on virtualized non-volatile memory
FAST'14 Proceedings of the 12th USENIX conference on File and Storage Technologies
FAST'14 Proceedings of the 12th USENIX conference on File and Storage Technologies
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We describe a prototype high-performance solid-state drive based on first-generation phase-change memory (PCM) devices called Onyx. Onyx has a capacity of 10 GB and connects to the host system via PCIe. We describe the internal architecture of Onyx including the PCM memory modules we constructed and the FPGA-based controller that manages them. Onyx can perform a 4 KB random read in 38 µs and sustain 191K 4 KB read IO operations per second. A 4 KB write requires 179 µs. We describe our experience tuning the Onyx system to reduce the cost of wear-leveling and increase performance. We find that Onyx out-performs a state-of-the-art flash-based SSD for small writes (