A PRAM and NAND flash hybrid architecture for high-performance embedded storage subsystems
EMSOFT '08 Proceedings of the 8th ACM international conference on Embedded software
Architecting phase change memory as a scalable dram alternative
Proceedings of the 36th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Scalable high performance main memory system using phase-change memory technology
Proceedings of the 36th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Operating system support for NVM+DRAM hybrid main memory
HotOS'09 Proceedings of the 12th conference on Hot topics in operating systems
Onyx: a protoype phase change memory storage array
HotStorage'11 Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX conference on Hot topics in storage and file systems
Hybrid DRAM/PRAM-based main memory for single-chip CPU/GPU
Proceedings of the 49th Annual Design Automation Conference
PreSET: improving performance of phase change memories by exploiting asymmetry in write times
Proceedings of the 39th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture
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Storage devices based on Phase Change Memory (PCM) devices are beginning to generate considerable attention in both industry and academic communities. But whether the technology in its current state will be a commercially and technically viable alternative to entrenched technologies such as flash-based SSDs still remains unanswered. To address this it is important to consider PCM SSD devices not just from a device standpoint, but also from a holistic perspective. This paper presents the results of our performance measurement study of a recent all-PCM SSD prototype. The average latency for 4 KB random read is 6.7 μs, which is about 16x faster than a comparable eMLC flash SSD. The distribution of I/O response times is also much narrower than the flash SSD for both reads and writes. Based on real-world workload traces, we model a hypothetical storage device which consists of flash, HDD, and PCM to identify the combinations of device types that offer the best performance within cost constraints. Our results show that - even at current price points - PCM storage devices show promise as a new component in multi-tiered enterprise storage systems.