Geography-informed energy conservation for Ad Hoc routing
Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Energy-efficient packet transmission over a wireless link
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Denial of Service in Sensor Networks
Computer
Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks
HICSS '00 Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences-Volume 8 - Volume 8
An adaptive energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Convex Optimization
Medium access control with coordinated adaptive sleeping for wireless sensor networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Versatile low power media access for wireless sensor networks
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Contiki - A Lightweight and Flexible Operating System for Tiny Networked Sensors
LCN '04 Proceedings of the 29th Annual IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks
WiseMAC: an ultra low power MAC protocol for the downlink of infrastructure wireless sensor networks
ISCC '04 Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Computers and Communications 2004 Volume 2 (ISCC"04) - Volume 02
PEDAMACS: Power Efficient and Delay Aware Medium Access Protocol for Sensor Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
X-MAC: a short preamble MAC protocol for duty-cycled wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
SyncWUF: An Ultra Low-Power MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Asynchronous random sleeping for sensor networks
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
Optimally balancing energy consumption versus latency in sensor network routing
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
The β-factor: measuring wireless link burstiness
Proceedings of the 6th ACM conference on Embedded network sensor systems
On the lifetime of wireless sensor networks
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
SECON'09 Proceedings of the 6th Annual IEEE communications society conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks
Design and analysis of asynchronous wakeup for wireless sensor networks
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Dynamic sleep time control in wireless sensor networks
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
Minimizing delay and maximizing lifetime for wireless sensor networks with anycast
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Analyzing MAC protocols for low data-rate applications
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
Radio Sleep Mode Optimization in Wireless Sensor Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Duty Cycle Control for Low-Power-Listening MAC Protocols
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
MAC Essentials for Wireless Sensor Networks
IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials
Commercial Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks Using ZigBee
IEEE Communications Magazine
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Most applications of wireless sensor networks require reliable and timely data communication with maximum possible network lifetime under low traffic regime. These requirements are very critical especially for the stability of wireless sensor and actuator networks. Designing a protocol that satisfies these requirements in a network consisting of sensor nodes with traffic pattern and location varying over time and space is a challenging task. We propose an adaptive optimal duty-cycle algorithm running on top of the IEEE 802.15.4 medium access control to minimize power consumption while meeting the reliability and delay requirements. Such a problem is complicated because simple and accurate models of the effects of the duty cycle on reliability, delay, and power consumption are not available. Moreover, the scarce computational resources of the devices and the lack of prior information about the topology make it impossible to compute the optimal parameters of the protocols. Based on an experimental implementation, we propose simple experimental models to expose the dependency of reliability, delay, and power consumption on the duty cycle at the node and validate it through extensive experiments. The coefficients of the experimental-based models can be easily computed on existing IEEE 802.15.4 hardware platforms by introducing a learning phase without any explicit information about data traffic, network topology, and medium access control parameters. The experimental-based model is then used to derive a distributed adaptive algorithm for minimizing the power consumption while meeting the reliability and delay requirements in the packet transmission. The algorithm is easily implementable on top of the IEEE 802.15.4 medium access control without any modifications of the protocol. An experimental implementation of the distributed adaptive algorithm on a test bed with off-the-shelf wireless sensor devices is presented. The experimental performance of the algorithms is compared to the existing solutions from the literature. The experimental results show that the experimental-based model is accurate and that the proposed adaptive algorithm attains the optimal value of the duty cycle, maximizing the lifetime of the network while meeting the reliability and delay constraints under both stationary and transient conditions. Specifically, even if the number of devices and their traffic configuration change sharply, the proposed adaptive algorithm allows the network to operate close to its optimal value. Furthermore, for Poisson arrivals, the duty-cycle protocol is modeled as a finite capacity queuing system in a star network. This simple analytical model provides insights into the performance metrics, including the reliability, average delay, and average power consumption of the duty-cycle protocol.