Virtual Reality Technology
Haptic Rendering: Introductory Concepts
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Visuohaptic Simulation of Bone Surgery for Training and Evaluation
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Haptic Feedback Enhances Force Skill Learning
WHC '07 Proceedings of the Second Joint EuroHaptics Conference and Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems
Interactive simulation of surgical needle insertion and steering
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
A virtual training simulator for learning cataract surgery with phacoemulsification
Computers in Biology and Medicine
The Role of Haptics in Medical Training Simulators: A Survey of the State of the Art
IEEE Transactions on Haptics
Computer surgery 3D simulations for a new teaching-learning model
SEGAH '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE 1st International Conference on Serious Games and Applications for Health
Haptic Palpation for Medical Simulation in Virtual Environments
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
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Through computer simulations we can recreate different real-life situations with the addition of controlling its parameters at any time. Having this, a simulation can show us many possible scenarios, even those that otherwise could not be tested or proven due to some factors (economic, material, physical, etc.). Traditionally most of the simulations are created using both, physics and graphics; but recently, the addition of haptics has given another turn on the screw towards the computer simulation. By adding touch, simulators are no longer attached to the computer displays. The users can now interact in real time with the virtual environment, pushing, feeling and manipulating objects. This discipline has revolutionized the field of medical training, as trainees can now improve their skills using a simulator instead of the traditional methods. This paper is part of a larger project that aims to create a framework for teaching surgical procedures. As a first step, we are developing a cataract surgery simulation using haptic devices. However, in this paper we only cover the description of the issues we found while creating the graphical elements of the surgery. As there are several elements, this work only describes the design of the models for the eye and a few of the tools used during the surgical procedure.