Towards a metrics suite for object oriented design
OOPSLA '91 Conference proceedings on Object-oriented programming systems, languages, and applications
Object-oriented software metrics: a practical guide
Object-oriented software metrics: a practical guide
A software complexity model of object-oriented systems
Decision Support Systems - Special issue on information technologies and systems
Cohesion and reuse in an object-oriented system
SSR '95 Proceedings of the 1995 Symposium on Software reusability
Property-Based Software Engineering Measurement
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
A Validation of Object-Oriented Design Metrics as Quality Indicators
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
An investigation into coupling measures for C++
ICSE '97 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Software engineering
A Unified Framework for Coupling Measurement in Object-Oriented Systems
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Polymorphism measures for early risk prediction
Proceedings of the 21st international conference on Software engineering
Investigating quality factors in object-oriented designs: an industrial case study
Proceedings of the 21st international conference on Software engineering
Exploring the relationship between design measures and software quality in object-oriented systems
Journal of Systems and Software
The prediction of faulty classes using object-oriented design metrics
Journal of Systems and Software
Finding failures by cluster analysis of execution profiles
ICSE '01 Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Software Engineering
The Confounding Effect of Class Size on the Validity of Object-Oriented Metrics
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Modeling Development Effort in Object-Oriented Systems Using Design Properties
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering - Special section on the seventh international software metrics symposium
A Unified Framework for Cohesion Measurement in Object-OrientedSystems
Empirical Software Engineering
Balancing Misclassification Rates in Classification-TreeModels of Software Quality
Empirical Software Engineering
A Metrics Suite for Object Oriented Design
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Quantitative Analysis of Faults and Failures in a Complex Software System
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Assessing the applicability of fault-proneness models across object-oriented software projects
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
A Study on Fault-Proneness Detection of Object-Oriented Systems
CSMR '01 Proceedings of the Fifth European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering
Some Misconceptions About Lines of Code
METRICS '97 Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Software Metrics
An Empirical Study on Object-Oriented Metrics
METRICS '99 Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Software Metrics
Prediction of Fault-proneness at Early Phase in Object-Oriented Development
ISORC '99 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing
Heuristics for Computing Attribute Values of C++ Program Complexity Metrics
COMPSAC '96 Proceedings of the 20th Conference on Computer Software and Applications
Comments on "The Confounding Effect of Class Size on the Validity of Object-Oriented Metrics"
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Empirical Validation of Object-Oriented Metrics on Open Source Software for Fault Prediction
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Analyzing Software Quality with Limited Fault-Proneness Defect Data
HASE '05 Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Symposium on High-Assurance Systems Engineering
The interpretation and utility of three cohesion metrics for object-oriented design
ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM)
The relationship between Precision-Recall and ROC curves
ICML '06 Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on Machine learning
Predicting fault-prone components in a java legacy system
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM/IEEE international symposium on Empirical software engineering
Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques, Second Edition (Morgan Kaufmann Series in Data Management Systems)
Object-oriented software fault prediction using neural networks
Information and Software Technology
Data Mining Static Code Attributes to Learn Defect Predictors
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Empirical Analysis of Object-Oriented Design Metrics for Predicting High and Low Severity Faults
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
A Replicated Quantitative Analysis of Fault Distributions in Complex Software Systems
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Predicting Defects for Eclipse
PROMISE '07 Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Predictor Models in Software Engineering
Software quality estimation with limited fault data: a semi-supervised learning perspective
Software Quality Control
The Effects of Over and Under Sampling on Fault-prone Module Detection
ESEM '07 Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement
Empirical Analysis of Software Fault Content and Fault Proneness Using Bayesian Methods
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Improving fault detection in modified code: a study from the telecommunication industry
Journal of Computer Science and Technology
Journal of Software Maintenance and Evolution: Research and Practice
Using the Conceptual Cohesion of Classes for Fault Prediction in Object-Oriented Systems
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Journal of Systems and Software
Theory of relative defect proneness
Empirical Software Engineering
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
An Investigation into the Functional Form of the Size-Defect Relationship for Software Modules
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Revisiting the evaluation of defect prediction models
PROMISE '09 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Predictor Models in Software Engineering
Fault detection and prediction in an open-source software project
PROMISE '09 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Predictor Models in Software Engineering
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Journal of Systems and Software
Empirical validation of object-oriented metrics for predicting fault proneness models
Software Quality Control
Improving software-quality predictions with data sampling and boosting
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
On the ability of complexity metrics to predict fault-prone classes in object-oriented systems
Journal of Systems and Software
Defect prediction from static code features: current results, limitations, new approaches
Automated Software Engineering
Testing the theory of relative defect proneness for closed-source software
Empirical Software Engineering
Review: Software fault prediction: A literature review and current trends
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Identification of defect-prone classes in telecommunication software systems using design metrics
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Software Quality Analysis of Unlabeled Program Modules With Semisupervised Clustering
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
Recalling the "imprecision" of cross-project defect prediction
Proceedings of the ACM SIGSOFT 20th International Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering
A Systematic Literature Review on Fault Prediction Performance in Software Engineering
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Toward Comprehensible Software Fault Prediction Models Using Bayesian Network Classifiers
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
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Background. The extent of the potentially confounding effect of class size in the fault prediction context is not clear, nor is the method to remove the potentially confounding effect, or the influence of this removal on the performance of fault-proneness prediction models. Objective. We aim to provide an in-depth understanding of the effect of class size on the true associations between object-oriented metrics and fault-proneness. Method. We first employ statistical methods to examine the extent of the potentially confounding effect of class size in the fault prediction context. After that, we propose a linear regression-based method to remove the potentially confounding effect. Finally, we empirically investigate whether this removal could improve the prediction performance of fault-proneness prediction models. Results. Based on open-source software systems, we found: (a) the confounding effect of class size on the associations between object-oriented metrics and fault-proneness in general exists; (b) the proposed linear regression-based method can effectively remove the confounding effect; and (c) after removing the confounding effect, the prediction performance of fault prediction models with respect to both ranking and classification can in general be significantly improved. Conclusion. We should remove the confounding effect of class size when building fault prediction models.