A high accuracy algorithm for recognition of handwritten numerals
Pattern Recognition
Handwritten numerical recognition based on multiple algorithms
Pattern Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
On-Line and Off-Line Handwriting Recognition: A Comprehensive Survey
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
OCR in a Hierarchical Feature Space
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Automatic Recognition of Handwritten Numerical Strings: A Recognition and Verification Strategy
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Zoning Design for Handwritten Numeral Recognition
ICIAP '97 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing-Volume II
High Accuracy Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition by Improved Feature Matching Method
ICDAR '97 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Genetical Engineering of Handwriting Representations
IWFHR '02 Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (IWFHR'02)
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 1
Numeral recognition for quality control of surgical sachets
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 1
A Novel Feature Extraction Technique for the Recognition of Segmented Handwritten Characters
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 1
Numeral Recognition by Weighting Local Decisions
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 2
Localization, Extraction and Recognition of Text in Telugu Document Images
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 2
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 2
Intelligent Zoning Design Using Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 2
Class-Oriented Recognizer Design by Weighting Local Decisions
ICIAP '03 Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing
Segmentation and recognition of handwritten dates: an HMM-MLP hybrid approach
International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition
Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition: A Survey
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition
ICDAR '07 Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 02
Hybrid off-line OCR for isolated handwritten Greek characters
SPPR'07 Proceedings of the Fourth conference on IASTED International Conference: Signal Processing, Pattern Recognition, and Applications
Isolated Handwritten Kannada and Tamil Numeral Recognition: A Novel Approach
ICETET '08 Proceedings of the 2008 First International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology
Multi-Oriented and Multi-Sized Touching Character Segmentation Using Dynamic Programming
ICDAR '09 Proceedings of the 2009 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Feature Membership Functions in Voronoi-Based Zoning
AI*IA '09: Proceedings of the XIth International Conference of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence Reggio Emilia on Emergent Perspectives in Artificial Intelligence
A hybrid method for robust car plate character recognition
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Membership Functions for Zoning-Based Recognition of Handwritten Digits
ICPR '10 Proceedings of the 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition
Analysis of Membership Functions for Voronoi-Based Classification
ICFHR '10 Proceedings of the 2010 12th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition
ICDAR '11 Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Adaptive Zoning Features for Character and Word Recognition
ICDAR '11 Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
A multi-objective memetic algorithm for intelligent feature extraction
EMO'05 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Evolutionary Multi-Criterion Optimization
An overview of character recognition focused on off-line handwriting
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews
Voronoi-Based Zoning Design by Multi-objective Genetic Optimization
DAS '12 Proceedings of the 2012 10th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems
Optimal zoning design by genetic algorithms
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
A fuzzy approach to 2D-shape recognition
IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems
Fuzzy-Zoning-Based Classification for Handwritten Characters
IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems
New Advancements in Zoning-Based Recognition of Handwritten Characters
ICFHR '12 Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition
Handwritten Digit Recognition by Multi-objective Optimization of Zoning Methods
ICFHR '12 Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition
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This paper presents a survey on zoning methods for handwritten character recognition. Through the analysis of the relevant literature in the field, the most valuable zoning methods are presented in terms of both topologies and membership functions. Throughout the paper, diverse zoning topologies are presented based on both static and adaptive approaches. Concerning static approaches, uniform and non-uniform zoning strategies are discussed. When adaptive zonings are considered, manual and automatic strategies for optimal zoning design are illustrated as well as the most appropriate zoning representation techniques. In addition, the role of membership functions for zoning-based classification is highlighted and the diverse approaches to membership function selection are presented. Concerning global membership functions, the paper introduces order-based approaches as well as fuzzy approaches using border-based and ranked-based fuzzy membership values. Concerning local membership functions, the recent parameter-based approaches are described, in which the optimal membership-function is selected for each zone of the zoning method. Finally, a comparative analysis on the performance of zoning methods is presented and the most interesting approaches are focused on in terms of topology design and membership function selection. A list of selected references is provided as a useful tool for interested researchers working in the field.