ICIS '89 Proceedings of the tenth international conference on Information Systems
Comparing representations with relational and EER models
Communications of the ACM
Conceptual database design: an Entity-relationship approach
Conceptual database design: an Entity-relationship approach
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
Mental representations of programs by novices and experts
INTERCHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERCHI '93 conference on Human factors in computing systems
A framework for studying human error behavior in conceptual database modeling
Information and Management
Understanding Quality in Conceptual Modeling
IEEE Software
Intelligent database design using the unifying semantic model
Information and Management
Understanding database design expertise
Data & Knowledge Engineering
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
A new approach to ITS-curriculum and course authoring: the authoring environment
Computers & Education
An ontological analysis of the relationship construct in conceptual modeling
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Journal of Database Management
The impact of data models and task complexity on end-user performance: an experimental investigation
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Statistical Thinking for Managers
Statistical Thinking for Managers
Metrics for Evaluating the Quality of Entity Relationship Models
ER '98 Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling
KERMIT: A Constraint-Based Tutor for Database Modeling
ITS '02 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Research Commentary: Information Systems and Conceptual Modeling--A Research Agenda
Information Systems Research
Bloom's taxonomy applied to testing in computer science classes
Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges
Strategies that students use to trace code: an analysis based in grounded theory
Proceedings of the first international workshop on Computing education research
Understanding Conceptual Schemas: Exploring the Role of Application and IS Domain Knowledge
Information Systems Research
Towards a Combination of Three Representation Techniques for Conceptual Data Modeling
DBKDA '09 Proceedings of the 2009 First International Conference on Advances in Databases, Knowledge, and Data Applications
The effects of data model representation method on task performance
Information and Management
Fundamentals of Database Systems
Fundamentals of Database Systems
How novices design business processes
Information Systems
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Conceptual data modeling is a critical but difficult part of database development. Little research has attempted to find the underlying causes of the cognitive challenges or errors made during this stage. This paper describes a Modeling Expertise Framework (MEF) that uses modeler expertise to predict errors based on the revised Bloom's taxonomy (RBT). The utility of RBT is in providing a classification of cognitive processes that can be applied to knowledge activities such as conceptual modeling. We employ the MEF to map conceptual modeling tasks to different levels of cognitive complexity and classify current modeler expertise levels. An experimental exercise confirms our predictions of errors. Our work provides an understanding into why novices can handle entity classes and identifying binary relationships with some ease, but find other components like ternary relationships difficult. We discuss implications for data modeling training at a novice and intermediate level, which can be extended to other areas of Information Systems education and training.