Multicast operation of the ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing protocol
MobiCom '99 Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM/IEEE international conference on Mobile computing and networking
A scalable location service for geographic ad hoc routing
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
The dynamic behavior of a data dissemination protocol for network programming at scale
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
MLS: an efficient location service for mobile ad hoc networks
Proceedings of the 7th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
NSDI'04 Proceedings of the 1st conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation - Volume 1
Software-based on-line energy estimation for sensor nodes
Proceedings of the 4th workshop on Embedded networked sensors
Software-based sensor node energy estimation
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Distributed Hashing for Scalable Multicast in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
The emergence of a networking primitive in wireless sensor networks
Communications of the ACM - Web science
Data Discovery and Dissemination with DIP
IPSN '08 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
IP is dead, long live IP for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 6th ACM conference on Embedded network sensor systems
AGSMR: Adaptive Geo-Source Multicast Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks
WASA '09 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Wireless Algorithms, Systems, and Applications
Hierarchical geographic multicast routing for wireless sensor networks
Wireless Networks
The announcement layer: beacon coordination for the sensornet stack
EWSN'11 Proceedings of the 8th European conference on Wireless sensor networks
Lossy links, low power, high throughput
Proceedings of the 9th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems
Stateless Multicast Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Oblivious low-congestion multicast routing in wireless networks
Proceedings of the thirteenth ACM international symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing
Bonjour contiki: a case study of a DNS-based discovery service for the internet of things
ADHOC-NOW'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Ad-hoc, Mobile, and Wireless Networks
TRENDY: an adaptive and context-aware service discovery protocol for 6LoWPANs
Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on the Web of Things
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In wireless sensor deployments, network layer multicast can be used to improve the bandwidth and energy efficiency for a variety of applications, such as service discovery or network management. However, despite efforts to adopt IPv6 in networks of constrained devices, multicast has been somewhat overlooked. The Multicast Forwarding Using Trickle (Trickle Multicast) internet draft is one of the most noteworthy efforts. The specification of the IPv6 routing protocol for low power and lossy networks (RPL) also attempts to address the area but leaves many questions unanswered. In this paper we highlight our concerns about both these approaches. Subsequently, we present our alternative mechanism, called stateless multicast RPL forwarding algorithm (SMRF), which addresses the aforementioned drawbacks. Having extended the TCP/IP engine of the Contiki embedded operating system to support both trickle multicast (TM) and SMRF, we present an in-depth comparison, backed by simulated evaluation as well as by experiments conducted on a multi-hop hardware testbed. Results demonstrate that SMRF achieves significant delay and energy efficiency improvements at the cost of a small increase in packet loss. The outcome of our hardware experiments show that simulation results were realistic. Lastly, we evaluate both algorithms in terms of code size and memory requirements, highlighting SMRF's low implementation complexity. Both implementations have been made available to the community for adoption.