Extending OSI to support synchronization required by multimedia applications
Computer Communications
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
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IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
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PARK: A Paused-And-Run K-Stream Multimedia Synchronization Control Scheme
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Mobile collaborative live video mixing
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Mobicast: a system for collaborative event casting using mobile phones
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia
Instant broadcasting system: mobile collaborative live video mixing
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ICME'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Multimedia and Expo
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Proceedings of Workshop on Mobile Video Delivery
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The advent of modern mobile phones, 3G networks, and live video streaming has made it possible to broadcast live video from mobile devices. This is now giving rise to a new class of applications which enable mobile collaborative live video production, in which groups of amateurs work together to provide a rich broadcast of events. We focus on new and expected synchronization problems that arise in these more complex systems when broadcasting live events because of the delays that often occur in streaming over internet and mobile networks. The problem has been investigated by acquiring initial user feedback, as well as conducting technical delay measurements of two examples of such systems and relating them to existing literature. We identified two types of technical problems which affect the mixing of the streams, namely the difference in delay in multiple streams, a.k.a. asynchrony among streams, and the delay between the event itself and its presentation in the mixer. These problems affect the mixing in various ways depending on whether or not the director has visual access to the unmediated event. This knowledge has then been used to inform the conceptualization of identifiable ways of handling delays and synchronization. We suggest the introduction of a software feature providing context-dependent delay, in which these requirements can be balanced differently to fit specific contexts of use. We specifically address the different types of mixing which occurs when the director, or mixer, only has access to the topic through the mobile media ("out of view"), as well as mixing in a context in which the topic also is physically present ("in-view") in front of the mixer.