Shape Discrimination Using Fourier Descriptors
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence - Special memorial issue for Professor King-Sun Fu
On Image Analysis by the Methods of Moments
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Three-Dimensional Shape Analysis Using Moments and Fourier Descriptors
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Application of Affine-Invariant Fourier Descriptors to Recognition of 3-D Objects
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
The revised Fundamental Theorem of Moment Invariants
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
General methods for determining projective invariants in imagery
CVGIP: Image Understanding
Geometric invariance in computer vision
Geometric invariance in computer vision
Geometric invariance in computer vision
Projective invariants for curves in two and three dimensions
Geometric invariance in computer vision
Geometric invariants and object recognition
International Journal of Computer Vision
Recognizing Planar Objects Using Invariant Image Features
Recognizing Planar Objects Using Invariant Image Features
Isoperimetric Normalization of Planar Curves
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Affine and Projective Normalization of Planar Curves and Regions
ECCV '94 Proceedings of the Third European Conference-Volume II on Computer Vision - Volume II
Ein allgemeiner Zugang zur Berechnung von Invarianten
Mustererkennung 1993, Mustererkennung im Dienste der Gesundheit, 15. DAGM-Symposium
Invariant Standrad Positions of Ordered Sets of Points
CAIP '95 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns
A General Method to Determine Invariants
A General Method to Determine Invariants
Affine-invariant moment method of three dimensional object identification.
Affine-invariant moment method of three dimensional object identification.
A New One-Parametric Fitting Method for Planar Objects
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Content-Based Image Retrieval at the End of the Early Years
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Invariant Fitting of Planar Objects by Primitives
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Computer Vision Interaction for Virtual Reality
IBERAMIA '98 Proceedings of the 6th Ibero-American Conference on AI: Progress in Artificial Intelligence
A New Framework of Invariant Fitting
CAIP '99 Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns
Proceedings of the 23rd DAGM-Symposium on Pattern Recognition
The Use of Force Histograms for Affine-Invariant Relative Position Description
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
On the choice of consistent canonical form during moment normalization
Pattern Recognition Letters
Properties of Multialgebraic Systems in Problems of Comparative Recognition
Cybernetics and Systems Analysis
Matching and normalization of affine deformed image from regular moments
Pattern Recognition Letters
Illumination invariant recognition of three-dimensional texture in color images
Journal of Computer Science and Technology
Extension of Moment Features' Invariance to Blur
Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision
WAV'09 Proceedings of the 3rd WSEAS international symposium on Wavelets theory and applications in applied mathematics, signal processing & modern science
Feature based robust watermarking using image normalization
Computers and Electrical Engineering
Robust fitting of 3D objects by affinely transformed superellipsoids using normalization
CAIP'07 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Computer analysis of images and patterns
Direct ellipse fitting and measuring based on shape boundaries
PSIVT'07 Proceedings of the 2nd Pacific Rim conference on Advances in image and video technology
General shape analysis applied to stamps retrieval from scanned documents
AIMSA'10 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Artificial intelligence: methodology, systems, and applications
Image recognition by affine Tchebichef moment invariants
AICI'11 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Artificial intelligence and computational intelligence - Volume Part III
Pattern Recognition Letters
GREC'05 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Graphics Recognition: ten Years Review and Future Perspectives
Affine normalization of symmetric objects
ACIVS'05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems
An experimental comparison of seven shape descriptors in the general shape analysis problem
ICIAR'10 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Image Analysis and Recognition - Volume Part I
A robust zero-watermark copyright protection scheme based on DWT and image normalization
PSIVT'11 Proceedings of the 5th Pacific Rim conference on Advances in Image and Video Technology - Volume Part II
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The determination of invariant characteristics is an important problem in pattern recognition. Many invariants are known, which have been obtained either by normalization [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10] or by other methods [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16]. This paper shows that the method of normalization is much more general and allows to derive a lot of sets of invariants from the second list as well. To this end, the normalization method is generalized and is presented in such a way that it is easy to apply, thus unifying and simplifying the determination of invariants. Furthermore, this paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the invariants obtained by normalization. Their main advantage is that the normalization process provides us with a standard position of the object. Because of the generality of the method, also new invariants are obtained such as normalized moments more stable than known ones, Legendre descriptors and Zernike descriptors to affine transformations, two-dimensional Fourier descriptors and affine moment invariants obtained by combining Hu's moment invariants and normalized moments.