The depth/breadth trade-off in the design of menu-driven user interfaces
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
Effects of breadth, depth and number responses on computer menu search performance
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
Skilled financial planning: the cost of translating ideas into action
CHI '89 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Understanding user errors in database query
Understanding user errors in database query
Human performance models for computer-aided engineering
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
Working memory failure in human-computer interaction: modeling and testing simultaneous demands for information storage and processing
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
The Architecture of Cognition
Measuring Learning Strategies and Understanding: A Research Framework
ITS '92 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
The human-computer interaction handbook
Reducing working memory load in spoken dialogue systems
Interacting with Computers
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This article investigates working-memory (WM) failure in phone-based interaction (PBI). We used a computational model of phone-based interaction (PBI USER) to generate predictions about the impact of three factors on WM failure:PBI features (i.e. menu structure), individual differences (i.e., WM capacity), and task characteristics (i.e., number of tasks). Our computational model stipulates that both the storage and the processing of information contribute to WM failure. In practical terms the model and the empirical results indicate that, contrary to guidelines for the design of phone-based interfaces, deep menu hierarchies (no more than three options per menu) do not reduce WM error rates in PBI. At a more theoretical level, the study shows that the use of a computational model in HCI research provides a systematic approach for explaining complex empirical results.