PowerPC 603 microprocessor power management
Communications of the ACM
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Pilot: an operating system for a personal computer
Communications of the ACM
Communications of the ACM
Inside MacIntosh
Energy-aware adaptation for mobile applications
Proceedings of the seventeenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Low-power task scheduling for multiple devices
CODES '00 Proceedings of the eighth international workshop on Hardware/software codesign
System-level power optimization: techniques and tools
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES)
Operating-system directed power reduction
ISLPED '00 Proceedings of the 2000 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
ACM SIGPLAN Notices
ASPLOS IX Proceedings of the ninth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Dynamic voltage scaling on a low-power microprocessor
Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
A Survey of Energy Efficient Network Protocols for Wireless Networks
Wireless Networks
Power-aware operating systems for interactive systems
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Scheduler-based DRAM energy management
Proceedings of the 39th annual Design Automation Conference
Every joule is precious: the case for revisiting operating system design for energy efficiency
EW 9 Proceedings of the 9th workshop on ACM SIGOPS European workshop: beyond the PC: new challenges for the operating system
Dynamic Power Management of Multiprocessor Systems
IPDPS '02 Proceedings of the 16th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
A Power Saving Architecture for Web Access from Mobile Computers
NETWORKING '02 Proceedings of the Second International IFIP-TC6 Networking Conference on Networking Technologies, Services, and Protocols; Performance of Computer and Communication Networks; and Mobile and Wireless Communications
Performance comparison of power-saving strategies for mobile web access
Performance Evaluation
Application-directed voltage scaling
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems - Special section on low power
μSleep: a technique for reducing energy consumption in handheld devices
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
A performance study of power-saving polices for Wi-Fi hotspots
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking - Special issue: In memroy of Olga Casals
Power-Efficient Access-Point Selection for Indoor Location Estimation
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Energy-Efficient Considerations on a Variable-Bitrate PCI-Express Device
Journal of Signal Processing Systems
Energy-efficiency on a variable-bitrate device
EUC'07 Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Emerging direction in embedded and ubiquitous computing
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The CPU is one of the major power consumers in a portable computer, and considerable power can be saved by turning off the CPU when it is not doing useful work. In Apple's MacOS, however, idle time is often converted to busy waiting, and generally it is very hard to tell when no useful computation is occurring. In this paper, we suggest several heuristic techniques for identifying this condition, and for temporarily putting the CPU in a low-power state. These techniques include turning off the processor when all processes are blocked, turning off the processor when processes appear to be busy waiting, and extending real time process sleep periods. We use trace-driven simulation, using processor run interval traces, to evaluate the potential energy savings and performance impact. We find that these techniques save considerable amounts of processor energy (as much as 66%), while having very little performance impact (less than 2% increase in run time). Implementing the proposed strategies should increase battery lifetime by approximately 20% relative to Apple's current CPU power management strategy, since the CPU and associated logic are responsible for about 32% of power use; similar techniques should be applicable to operating systems with similar behavior.