Shape Discrimination Using Fourier Descriptors
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence - Special memorial issue for Professor King-Sun Fu
Continuously variable duration hidden Markov models for automatic speech recognition
Computer Speech and Language
Pattern recognition: statistical, structural and neural approaches
Pattern recognition: statistical, structural and neural approaches
Digital image processing (2nd ed.)
Digital image processing (2nd ed.)
Thinning Methodologies-A Comprehensive Survey
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Pattern recognition with moment invariants: a comparative study and new results
Pattern Recognition
State duration modelling in hidden Markov models
Signal Processing
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
HMM Based On-Line Handwriting Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Lexicon Driven Approach to Handwritten Word Recognition for Real-Time Applications
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Off-Line, Handwritten Numeral Recognition by Perturbation Method
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Pattern Recognition Letters
An Algebraic Approach to Automatic Construction of Structural Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Shape Analysis Model with Applications to a Character Recognition System
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A structural and relational approach to handwritten word recognition
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Neural-network classifiers for recognizing totally unconstrained handwritten numerals
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Shape tracking and production using hidden Markov models
Hidden Markov models
Hidden Markov Models with Spectral Features for 2D Shape Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Automatic Recognition of Handwritten Numerical Strings: A Recognition and Verification Strategy
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A novel feature extraction method and hybrid tree classification for handwritten numeral recognition
Pattern Recognition Letters
A Database for Handwriting Recognition Research in Sinhala Language
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 2
A novel approach for structural feature extraction: contour vs. direction
Pattern Recognition Letters
Oriya Handwritten Numeral Recognition Syste
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Structural Hidden Markov Models Using a Relation of Equivalence: Application to Automotive Designs
Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
Fuzzy technique based recognition of handwritten characters
Image and Vision Computing
Fuzzy model based recognition of handwritten numerals
Pattern Recognition
Structural hidden Markov models: An application to handwritten numeral recognition
Intelligent Data Analysis
Deformation Models for Image Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Online preprocessing of handwritten Gurmukhi strokes
Machine Graphics & Vision International Journal
Offline handwritten character recognition of Gujrati script using pattern matching
ASID'09 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Anti-Counterfeiting, security, and identification in communication
Structural hidden Markov models based on stochastic context-free grammars
Control and Intelligent Systems
Fuzzy technique based recognition of handwritten characters
WILF'03 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Fuzzy Logic and Applications
An efficient feature extraction method for the middle-age character recognition
ICIC'05 Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Advances in Intelligent Computing - Volume Part II
Recognition of off-line handwritten devnagari characters using quadratic classifier
ICVGIP'06 Proceedings of the 5th Indian conference on Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing
Off-line cursive script recognition: current advances, comparisons and remaining problems
Artificial Intelligence Review
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In this paper, we propose an approach that integrates the statistical and structural information for unconstrained handwritten numeral recognition. This approach uses state-duration adapted transition probability to improve the modeling of state-duration in conventional HMMs and uses macro-states to overcome the difficulty in modeling pattern structures by HMMs. The proposed method is superior to conventional approaches in many aspects. In the statistical and structural models, the orientations are encoded into discrete codebooks and the distributions of locations are modeled by joint Gaussian distribution functions. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can achieve high performance in terms of speed and accuracy.