Some expert systems need common sense
Proc. of a symposium on Computer culture: the scientific, intellectual, and social impact of the computer
Applications of circumscription to formalizing common-sense knowledge
Artificial Intelligence
SOAR: an architecture for general intelligence
Artificial Intelligence
Human Problem Solving
Rule Based Expert Systems: The Mycin Experiments of the Stanford Heuristic Programming Project (The Addison-Wesley series in artificial intelligence)
Use of structure-based models in the development of expert systems
ACM SIGART Bulletin
Context interchange: new features and formalisms for the intelligent integration of information
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Proving temporal properties of hybrid systems
WSC' 90 Proceedings of the 22nd conference on Winter simulation
ACM SIGART Bulletin
Learning and exploiting context in agents
Proceedings of the first international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems: part 3
Context Knowledge Representation and Reasoning in the Context Interchange System
Applied Intelligence
Using Abstract Resources to Control Reasoning
Journal of Logic, Language and Information
The Objective Conception of Context and Its Logic
Minds and Machines
IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
DECLARE and SDS: early efforts to commercialize deductive database technology
The VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases - Prototypes of deductive database systems
Reliability Measure Theory: A Nonmonotonic Semantics
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Dynamics and Automaticity of Context: A Cognitive Modeling Approach
CONTEXT '99 Proceedings of the Second International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Modeling and Using Context
Putting Similarity Assessments into Context: Matching Functions with the User's Intended Operations
CONTEXT '99 Proceedings of the Second International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Modeling and Using Context
Open Theories and Abduction for Context and Accommodation
CONTEXT '99 Proceedings of the Second International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Modeling and Using Context
Simulating Context Effects in Problem Solving with AMBR
CONTEXT '01 Proceedings of the Third International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Modeling and Using Context
Two Formalizations of Context: A Comparison
CONTEXT '01 Proceedings of the Third International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Modeling and Using Context
AIMSA '00 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Methodology, Systems, and Applications
In-context peer-to-peer information filtering on the Web
ACM SIGMOD Record
Comparing formal theories of context in AI
Artificial Intelligence
Normative Agents in Health Care: Uses and challenges
AI Communications - Agents Applied in Health Care
Internet as a knowledge base for medical diagnostic assistance
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Proceedings of the 16th international conference on World Wide Web
An initial framework of contexts for designing usable intelligent tutoring systems
Information Services and Use
Personalized multimedia retrieval: the new trend?
Proceedings of the international workshop on Workshop on multimedia information retrieval
Context recognition using internet as a knowledge base
Journal of Intelligent Information Systems
ACM Transactions on Computational Logic (TOCL)
A Dual-Mode Learning Mechanism Combining Knowledge-Education and Machine-Learning
ISNN '08 Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on Neural Networks: Advances in Neural Networks
Ontology-based situation awareness
Information Fusion
Local and Distributed Defeasible Reasoning in Multi-Context Systems
RuleML '08 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Rule Representation, Interchange and Reasoning on the Web
Distributed Defeasible Contextual Reasoning in Ambient Computing
AmI '08 Proceedings of the European Conference on Ambient Intelligence
Federated ALCI: Preliminary Report
WI-IAT '08 Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Volume 01
Semantic and Conceptual Context-Aware Information Retrieval
Advanced Internet Based Systems and Applications
Context shifting for effective search over large knowledge bases
Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Context, Information and Ontologies
Contexts in Educational Topic Maps
Proceedings of the 2005 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Supporting Learning through Intelligent and Socially Informed Technology
Complexity of contextual reasoning
AAAI'04 Proceedings of the 19th national conference on Artifical intelligence
A modular action description language
AAAI'06 Proceedings of the 21st national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
Contextual Argumentation in Ambient Intelligence
LPNMR '09 Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning
Equilibria in heterogeneous nonmonotonic multi-context systems
AAAI'07 Proceedings of the 22nd national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
IJCAI'93 Proceedings of the 13th international joint conference on Artifical intelligence - Volume 1
IJCAI'07 Proceedings of the 20th international joint conference on Artifical intelligence
Minimal and absent information in contexts
IJCAI'05 Proceedings of the 19th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence
Artificial Intelligence Review
Integrating learning and inference in multi-agent systems using cognitive context
MABS'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Multi-agent-based simulation VII
Combining nonmonotonic knowledge bases with external sources
FroCoS'09 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Frontiers of combining systems
Propositional logic of context
AAAI'93 Proceedings of the eleventh national conference on Artificial intelligence
Reasoning with imperfect context and preference information in multi-context systems
ADBIS'10 Proceedings of the 14th east European conference on Advances in databases and information systems
GIScience'10 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Geographic information science
ALCALC: a context description logic
JELIA'10 Proceedings of the 12th European conference on Logics in artificial intelligence
Quantificational logic of context
AAAI'96 Proceedings of the thirteenth national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
Artificial Intelligence
Personalization in multimedia retrieval: A survey
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Logic programming, knowledge representation, and nonmonotonic reasoning
Symmetry breaking for distributed multi-context systems
LPNMR'11 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Logic programming and nonmonotonic reasoning
A contextualized knowledge framework for semantic web
ESWC'10 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on The Semantic Web: research and Applications - Volume Part II
CLIMA'04 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Computational Logic in Multi-Agent Systems
Domains and context: First steps towards managing diversity in knowledge
Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web
Higher-order aspects and context in SUMO
Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web
Identifying the multiple contexts of a situation
MRC'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Modeling and Retrieval of Context
MIWAI'11 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Multi-Disciplinary Trends in Artificial Intelligence
Context in social simulation: why it can't be wished away
Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory
Extending action language C+ by formalizing composite actions
Correct Reasoning
Fundamenta Informaticae
Fundamenta Informaticae
Multi-context systems: specifying the interaction of knowledge bases declaratively
RR'12 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Web Reasoning and Rule Systems
Acquiring Knowledge in Extended Hierarchical Censored Production Rules (EHCPRS) System
International Journal of Artificial Life Research
A strongly-local contextual logic
IJCAI'13 Proceedings of the Twenty-Third international joint conference on Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence: From programs to solvers
AI Communications - ECAI 2012 Turing and Anniversary Track
Providing personalized Internet services by means of context-aware spoken dialogue systems
Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments - Context Awareness
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My 1971 Turing Award Lecture was entitled "Generality in Artificial Intelligence." The topic turned out to have been overambitious in that I discovered I was unable to put my thoughts on the subject in a satisfactory written form at that time. It would have been better to have reviewed my previous work rather than attempt something new, but such was not my custom at that time.I am grateful to ACM for the opportunity to try again. Unfortunately for our science, although perhaps fortunately for this project, the problem of generality in artificial intelligence (AI) is almost as unsolved as ever, although we now have many ideas not available in 1971. This paper relies heavily on such ideas, but it is far from a full 1987 survey of approaches for achieving generality. Ideas are therefore discussed at a length proportional to my familiarity with them rather than according to some objective criterion.It was obvious in 1971 and even in 1958 that AI programs suffered from a lack of generality. It is still obvious; there are many more details. The first gross symptom is that a small addition to the idea of a program often involves a complete rewrite beginning with the data structures. Some progress has been made in modularizing data structures, but small modifications of the search strategies are even less likely to be accomplished without rewriting.Another symptom is no one knows how to make a general database of commonsense knowledge that could be used by any program that needed the knowledge. Along with other information, such a database would contain what a robot would need to know about the effects of moving objects around, what a person can be expected to know about his family, and the facts about buying and selling. This does not depend on whether the knowledge is to be expressed in a logical language or in some other formalism. When we take the logic approach to AI, lack of generality shows up in that the axioms we devise to express commonsense knowledge are too restricted in their applicability for a general commonsense database. In my opinion, getting a language for expressing general commonsense knowledge for inclusion in a general database is the key problem of generality in AI.Here are some ideas for achieving generality proposed both before and after 1971. I repeat my disclaimer of comprehensiveness.