Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
On the road and on the Web?: comprehension of synthetic and human speech while driving
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Conversational speech interfaces
The human-computer interaction handbook
Beyond standards: reaching usability goals through user participation
ACM SIGACCESS Accessibility and Computing
Accessibility heuristics utilizing learnability characteristics of synthesized speech applications
ACM SIGACCESS Accessibility and Computing
ECA as user interface paradigm
From brows to trust
Reading on-the-go: a comparison of audio and hand-held displays
Proceedings of the 8th conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services
Evaluation of TTS systems in intelligibility and comprehension tasks
ROCLING '11 Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing
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A study was conducted with 78 subjects to evaluate the comprehensibility of synthetic speech for various tasks ranging from short, simple e-mail messages to longer news articles on mostly obscure topics. Comprehension accuracy for each subject was measured for synthetic speech and for recorded human speech. Half the subjects were allowed to take notes while listening, the other half were not. Findings show that there was no significant difference in comprehension of synthetic speech among the five different text-to-speech engines used. Those subjects that did not take notes performed significantly worse for all synthetic voice tasks when compared to recorded speech tasks. Performance for synthetic speech in the non note-taking condition degraded as the task got longer and more complex. When taking notes, subjects also did significantly worse within the synthetic voice condition averaged across all six tasks. However, average performance scores for the last three tasks in this condition show comparable results for human and synthetic speech, reflective of a training effect.