Software engineering (3rd ed.): a practitioner's approach
Software engineering (3rd ed.): a practitioner's approach
External cognition: how do graphical representations work?
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
UML distilled: applying the standard object modeling language
UML distilled: applying the standard object modeling language
Information visualization: perception for design
Information visualization: perception for design
Vision: A Computational Investigation into the Human Representation and Processing of Visual Information
Diagramming information structures using 3D perceptual primitives
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Using Perceptual Syntax to Enhance Semantic Content in Diagrams
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
The Learnability of Diagram Semantics
DIAGRAMS '02 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Diagrammatic Representation and Inference
The Visual Representation of Information Structures
GD '00 Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Graph Drawing
A Java 3D implementation of a geon based visualisation tool for UML
PPPJ '03 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Principles and practice of programming in Java
Advances in information visualisation: recent outcomes
The Knowledge Engineering Review
Generalizations of angular radial transform for 2D and 3D shape retrieval
Pattern Recognition Letters
X3D-UML: 3D UML State Machine Diagrams
MoDELS '08 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems
Cognitive scaffolding in Web3D learning systems: a case study for form and structure
Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Web 3D Technology
Human-centered visualization environments
Human-centered visualization environments
A study on gender-kansei of three-dimensional geometric shapes
International Journal of Biometrics
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Most diagrams, particularly those used in software engineering, are line drawings consisting of nodes drawn as rectangles or circles, and edges drawn as lines linking them. In the present paper we review some of the literature on human perception to develop guidelines for effective diagram drawing. Particular attention is paid to structural object recognition theory. According to this theory as objects are perceived they are decomposed into 3D set of primitives called geons, together with the skeleton structure connecting them. We present a set of guidelines for drawing variations on node-link diagrams using geon-like primitives, and provide some examples. Results from three experiments are reported that evaluate 3D geon diagrams in comparison with 2D UML (Unified Modeling Language) diagrams. The first experiment measures the time and accuracy for a subject to recognize a sub-structure of a diagram represented either using geon primitives or UML primitives. The second and third experiments compare the accuracy of recalling geon vs. UML diagrams. The results of these experiments show that geon diagrams can be visually analyzed more rapidly, with fewer errors, and can be remembered better in comparison with equivalent UML diagrams.