Encyclopedic dictionary of mathematics (2nd ed.)
Encyclopedic dictionary of mathematics (2nd ed.)
A New Methodology for Gray-Scale Character Segmentation and Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Off-Line, Handwritten Numeral Recognition by Perturbation Method
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Adaptive Normalization of Handwritten Characters Using Global/Local Affine Transformation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Digital Picture Processing
Direct Gray-Scale Extraction of Features for Character Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Direct Extraction of Topographic Features for Gray Scale Character Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Efficient Pattern Recognition Using a New Transformation Distance
Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 5, [NIPS Conference]
Affine-Invariant Correlation of Gray-Scale Characters Using GAT Iteration
ICDAR '99 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 1
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 2
The evaluation of normalized cross correlations for defect detection
Pattern Recognition Letters
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Multi-template GAT Correlation for Character Recognition with a Limited Quantity of Data
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Image matching using enclosed region detector
Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation
Curse of mis-alignment in face recognition: problem and a novel mis-alignment learning solution
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
k-NN classification of handwritten characters via accelerated GAT correlation
Pattern Recognition
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This paper describes a new, promising technique of gray-scale character recognition that offers both noise tolerance and affine-invariance. The key ideas are twofold. First is the use of normalized cross-correlation as a matching measure to realize noise tolerance. Second is the application of global affine transformation (GAT) to the input image so as to achieve affine-invariant correlation with the target image. In particular, optimal GAT is efficiently determined by the successive iteration method using topographic features of gray-scale images as matching constraints. We demonstrate the high matching ability of the proposed GAT correlation method using gray-scale images of numerals subjected to random Gaussian noise and a wide range of affine transformation. Moreover, extensive recognition experiments show that the achieved recognition rate of 94.3 percent against rotation within 30 degrees, scale change within 30 percent, and translation within 20 percent of the character width along with random Gaussian noise is sufficiently high compared to the 42.8 percent offered by simple correlation.