Off-Line, Handwritten Numeral Recognition by Perturbation Method
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition Using Class Specific Linear Projection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Affine-Invariant Recognition of Gray-Scale Characters Using Global Affine Transformation Correlation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Distortion Invariant Object Recognition in the Dynamic Link Architecture
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Matching 2.5D Face Scans to 3D Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Eye localization in low and standard definition content with application to face matching
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Learning to recognize familiar faces in the real world
ICRA'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Robotics and Automation
Face alignment by minimizing the closest classification distance
BTAS'09 Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE international conference on Biometrics: Theory, applications and systems
Face mis-alignment analysis by multiple-instance subspace
ACCV'07 Proceedings of the 8th Asian conference on Computer vision - Volume Part II
Misalignment-robust face recognition
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Automatic eye detection using intensity filtering and K-means clustering
Pattern Recognition Letters
Realtime training on mobile devices for face recognition applications
Pattern Recognition
TAROS'11 Proceedings of the 12th Annual conference on Towards autonomous robotic systems
ACII'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
Multimodal facial gender and ethnicity identification
ICB'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Advances in Biometrics
Eye perturbation approach for robust recognition of inaccurately aligned faces
AVBPA'05 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication
Face recognition using the POEM descriptor
Pattern Recognition
Robust pose invariant face recognition using coupled latent space discriminant analysis
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Lucas-Kanade based entropy congealing for joint face alignment
Image and Vision Computing
Efficient misalignment-robust representation for real-time face recognition
ECCV'12 Proceedings of the 12th European conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part I
Supervised sparse patch coding towards misalignment-robust face recognition
Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation
A survey of face hallucination
CCBR'12 Proceedings of the 7th Chinese conference on Biometric Recognition
Facial-feature detection and localization based on a hierarchical scheme
Information Sciences: an International Journal
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In this paper, we present the rarely concerned curse of mis-alignment problem in face recognition, and propose a novel mis-alignment learning solution. Misalignment problem is firstly empirically investigated through systematically evaluating Fisherface's sensitivity to misalignment on the FERET face database by perturbing the eye coordinates, which reveals that the imprecise localization of the facial landmarks abruptly degenerates the Fisherface system. We explicitly define this problem as curse of mis-alignment to highlight its graveness. We then analyze the sources of curse of mis-alignment and group the possible solutions into three categories: invariant features, mis-alignment modeling, and alignment retuning. And then we propose a set of measurement combining the recognition rate with the alignment error distribution to evaluate the overall performance of specific face recognition approach with its robustness against the misalignment considered. Finally, a novel misalignment learning method, named E-Fisherface, is proposed to reinforce the recognizer to model the misalignment variations. Experimental results have impressively indicated the effectiveness of the proposed E-Fisherface in tackling the curse of mis-alignment problem.