The Formal Design of 1M-gate ASICs

  • Authors:
  • Ásgeir Th. Eiríksson

  • Affiliations:
  • Silicon Graphics Inc., Mountain View, California, USA. asgeir.eiriksson@computer.org

  • Venue:
  • Formal Methods in System Design - Special issue on formal methods for computer-added design
  • Year:
  • 2000

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Abstract

Refinement of a directory based cache coherence protocolspecification, to a pipelined hardware implementation is described.The hardware that is analyzed is the most complex part of a 1M-gateASIC. The design consists of 30,000 lines of synthesizable registertransfer-level verilog code, amounting to approximately 200,000 gates.The design contains a pipeline that is 5 levels deep and approximately150 bits wide. It has a 16 entry, 150 bit wide, context addressablememory (CAM), and includes a 256 × 72 bit RAM. Refinement mapsrelate the behavior of the high-level protocol model to the hardwareimplementation. The Cadence Berkeley Labs SMV model checker was usedto create the maps and to prove their correctness. There areapproximately 1500 proof obligations. The formal model has been usedfor three tasks. First, to formally diagnose, and then fix brokenfeatures in a legacy version of the design. Second, to integrate thelegacy sub-system design with a new system design. Finally, it hasbeen used to formally design additional sub-system features requiredfor the new system design. The same hardware designer enhanced thedesign, created the refinement maps, and formally proved thecorrectness of the refinements.