Dummynet: a simple approach to the evaluation of network protocols
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
The performance of TCP/IP for networks with high bandwidth-delay products and random loss
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Internet Web servers: workload characterization and performance implications
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Self-similarity in World Wide Web traffic: evidence and possible causes
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Generating representative Web workloads for network and server performance evaluation
SIGMETRICS '98/PERFORMANCE '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Modeling TCP throughput: a simple model and its empirical validation
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '98 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Performance issues in WWW servers
SIGMETRICS '99 Proceedings of the 1999 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
End-to-end internet packet dynamics
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Promoting the use of end-to-end congestion control in the Internet
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Detecting shared congestion of flows via end-to-end measurement
Proceedings of the 2000 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Critical path analysis of TCP transactions
Proceedings of the conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication
A web server's view of the transport layer
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Measuring the capacity of a Web server under realistic loads
World Wide Web
Modeling, measurement and performance of world wide web transactions
Modeling, measurement and performance of world wide web transactions
Scalable kernel performance for internet servers under realistic loads
ATEC '98 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Flash: an efficient and portable web server
ATEC '99 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Web server benchmarking using parallel WAN emulation
SIGMETRICS '02 Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
An evaluation of TCP splice benefits in web proxy servers
Proceedings of the 11th international conference on World Wide Web
A case study of web server benchmarking using parallel WAN emulation
Performance Evaluation
Overload Behaviour and Protection of Event-driven Web Servers
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Benchmarking Models and Tools for Distributed Web-Server Systems
Performance Evaluation of Complex Systems: Techniques and Tools, Performance 2002, Tutorial Lectures
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ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review - OSDI '02: Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementation
A performance comparison of dynamic Web technologies
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
Understanding web server configuration issues
Software—Practice & Experience - Special issue: Web technologies
Fine grain performance evaluation of e-commerce sites
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
Scalability and accuracy in a large-scale network emulator
OSDI '02 Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementationCopyright restrictions prevent ACM from being able to make the PDFs for this conference available for downloading
Countering DoS attacks with stateless multipath overlays
Proceedings of the 12th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Performance analysis of TLS Web servers
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Web servers under overload: How scheduling can help
ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT)
NetQuest: a flexible framework for large-scale network measurement
SIGMETRICS '06/Performance '06 Proceedings of the joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Understanding the management of client perceived response time
SIGMETRICS '06/Performance '06 Proceedings of the joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Revisiting unfairness in web server scheduling
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Performance benchmarking of wireless Web servers
Ad Hoc Networks
Monkey see, monkey do: a tool for TCP tracing and replaying
ATEC '04 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Multihoming performance benefits: an experiment evaluation of practical enterprise strategies
ATEC '04 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
ER: efficient retransmission scheme for wireless LANs
CoNEXT '07 Proceedings of the 2007 ACM CoNEXT conference
On the performance benefits of multihoming route control
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Evaluating distributed systems: does background traffic matter?
ATC'08 USENIX 2008 Annual Technical Conference on Annual Technical Conference
NetQuest: a flexible framework for large-scale network measurement
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
WebProphet: automating performance prediction for web services
NSDI'10 Proceedings of the 7th USENIX conference on Networked systems design and implementation
BenchLab: an open testbed for realistic benchmarking of web applications
WebApps'11 Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX conference on Web application development
Optimizing the profit of on-demand multimedia service via a server-dependent queuing system
WAIM '06 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Advances in Web-Age Information Management
Web workload generation challenges - an empirical investigation
Software—Practice & Experience
Analysis and control of correlated web server queues
Computer Communications
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WWW workload generators are used to evaluate web server performance, and thus have a large impact on what performance optimizations are applied to servers. However, current benchmarks ignore a crucial component: how these servers perform in the environment in which they are intended to be used, namely the wide-area Internet.This paper shows how WAN conditions can affect WWW server performance. We examine these effects using an experimental test-bed which emulates WAN characteristics in a live setting, by introducing factors such as delay and packet loss in a controlled and reproducible fashion. We study how these factors interact with the host TCP implementation and what influence they have on web server performance. We demonstrate that when more realistic wide-area conditions are introduced, servers exhibit very different performance properties and scaling behaviors, which are not exposed by existing benchmarks running on LANs. We show that observed throughputs can give misleading information about server performance, and thus find that maximum throughput, or capacity, is a more useful metric. We find that packet losses can reduce server capacity by as much as 50 percent and increase response time as seen by the client. We show that using TCP SACK can reduce client response time, without reducing server capacity.