Practical methods of optimization; (2nd ed.)
Practical methods of optimization; (2nd ed.)
An algorithm for drawing general undirected graphs
Information Processing Letters
An incremental constraint solver
Communications of the ACM
A general framework for visualizing abstract objects and relations
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Algebraic solution for geometry from dimensional constraints
SMA '91 Proceedings of the first ACM symposium on Solid modeling foundations and CAD/CAM applications
Artificial Intelligence - Special volume on constraint-based reasoning
A graphics toolkit based on differential constraints
UIST '93 Proceedings of the 6th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Skyblue: a multi-way local propagation constraint solver for user interface construction
UIST '94 Proceedings of the 7th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Solving linear arithmetic constraints for user interface applications
Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
An interactive constraint-based system for drawing graphs
Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Interactive beautification: a technique for rapid geometric design
Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Tackling Real-Coded Genetic Algorithms: Operators and Tools for Behavioural Analysis
Artificial Intelligence Review
Juno, a constraint-based graphics system
SIGGRAPH '85 Proceedings of the 12th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The Programming Language Aspects of ThingLab, a Constraint-Oriented Simulation Laboratory
ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS)
Constraints in Graph Drawing Algorithms
Constraints
GD '96 Proceedings of the Symposium on Graph Drawing
Integration of Declarative Approaches
GD '96 Proceedings of the Symposium on Graph Drawing
Constraint solving for computer-aided design
Constraint solving for computer-aided design
A geometric constraint library for 3D graphical applications
Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Smart graphics
Dynamic approximation of complex graphical constraints by linear constraints
Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
GADGET: a toolkit for optimization-based approaches to interface and display generation
Proceedings of the 16th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Hierarchical nonlinear constraint satisfaction
Proceedings of the 2004 ACM symposium on Applied computing
Enabling context-sensitive information seeking
Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Constraint solving for direct manipulation of features
Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing
AVI '08 Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
Smooth Linear Approximation of Non-overlap Constraints
Diagrams '08 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Diagrammatic Representation and Inference
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Constraints have been playing an important role in the user interface field since its infancy. A prime use of constraints in this field is to automatically maintain geometric layouts of graphical objects. To facilitate the construction of constraint-based user interface applications, researchers have proposed various constraint satisfaction methods and constraint solvers. Most previous research has focused on either local propagation or linear constraints, excluding more general nonlinear ones. However, nonlinear geometric constraints are practically useful to various user interfaces, e.g., drawing editors and information visualization systems. In this paper, we propose a novel constraint solver called Chorus, which realizes various powerful nonlinear geometric constraints such as Euclidean geometric, non-overlapping, and graph layout constraints. A key feature of Chorus is its module mechanism that allows users to define new kinds of geometric constraints. Also, Chorus supports "soft" constraints with hierarchical strengths or preferences (i.e., constraint hierarchies). We describe its framework, algorithm, implementation, and experimental results.