Bridging the paper and electronic worlds: the paper user interface
CHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Linking and messaging from real paper in the Paper PDA
Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Specifying behavior and semantic meaning in an unmodified layered drawing package
Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Paper augmented digital documents
Proceedings of the 16th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
ButterflyNet: a mobile capture and access system for field biology research
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Papiercraft: A gesture-based command system for interactive paper
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
OctoPocus: a dynamic guide for learning gesture-based command sets
Proceedings of the 21st annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Knotty gestures: subtle traces to support interactive use of paper
Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces
The challenges and potential of end-user gesture customization
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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Ordinary paper offers properties of readability, fluidity, flexibility, cost, and portability that current electronic devices are often hard pressed to match. In fact, a lofty goal for many interactive systems is to be "as easy to use as pencil and paper". However, the static nature of paper does not support a number of capabilities, such as search and hyperlinking that an electronic device can provide. The Paper PDA project explores ways in which hybrid paper electronic interfaces can bring some of the capabilities of the electronic medium to interactions occurring on real paper. Key to this effort is the invention of on-paper interaction techniques which retain the flexibility and fluidity of normal pen and paper, but which are structured enough to allow robust interpretation and processing in the digital world. This paper considers the design of a class of simple printed templates that allow users to make common marks in a fluid fashion, and allow additional gestures to be invented by the users to meet their needs, but at the same time encourages marks that are quite easy to recognize.