A CMOS Quadrature Baseband Frequency Synthesizer/Modulator
Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing - Special issue on selected papers from the 1997 NORCHIP conference
Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning
Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning
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We present a low-power sine-output Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer (DDFS) realized in 0.18 &mgr;m CMOS that achieves 60 dBc spectral purity from DC to the Nyquist frequency. No ROM or multipliers are used, but an external DAC is required if an analog output is desired. Power consumption is 10 mW for a 100 MHz clock, which is significantly less than figures reported previously. System complexity is greatly reduced by using an efficient linear interpolation scheme to approximate a sinusoid function. This has resulted in silicon area utilization of 0.011 mm2. The design would be suitable as an IP core in a low power digital RF transceiver ASIC.