Hardness results for approximate hypergraph coloring

• Authors: Subhash Khot
• Venue: STOC '02 Proceedings of the thiry-fourth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
• Year: 2002

(MATH) Guruswami et al [6] show the hardness of coloring 2-colorable 4-uniform hypergraphs on n vertices with ω(log log n \over log log log n}) colors assuming NP $\not\subseteq$ DTIME(nO log log n)). We obtain a stronger hardness result for approximate coloring of p-colorable 4-uniform hypergraphs for any fixed integer p &rhoe; 7. We prove that there exists an absolute constant c ρ 0 such that for every fixed integer p &rhoe; 7, it is hard to color a p-colorable 4-uniform hypergraph with (log n)cp colors assuming NP $\not \subseteq$ DTIME(2(log n)O(1)).This work builds on the idea of "covering complexity" of probabilistically checkable proof systems (PCPs) developed in [6] and we introduce some new techniques as well. Firstly, we define a new code which we call the Split Code. This is a variation of the Long Code, but much shorter in length and it reduces the proof size significantly. Split Codes enable us to exploit the special structure of the "outer PCP verifier" constructed via Raz's Parallel Repetition Theorem [18]. Secondly, we make a novel use of the Split Codes over the domain GF(p) for a prime p. Working over non-boolean domain in fact makes our proof technically simpler than the proof of Guruswami at al [6].