e-Transactions: End-to-End Reliability for Three-Tier Architectures

  • Authors:
  • Svend Frølund;Rachid Guerraoui

  • Affiliations:
  • Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA;Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland

  • Venue:
  • IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
  • Year:
  • 2002

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Abstract

A three-tier application is organized as three layers: human users interact with front-end clients (e.g., browsers), middle-tier application servers (e.g., Web servers) contain the business logic of the application, and perform transactions against back-end databases. Although three-tier applications are becoming mainstream, they usually fail to provide sufficient reliability guarantees to the users. Usually, replication and transaction-processing techniques are applied to specific parts of the application, but their combination does not provide end-to-end reliability. The aim of this paper is to provide a precise specification of a desirable, yet realistic, end-to-end reliability contract in three-tier applications. We present the specification in the form of the Exactly-Once Transaction (e-Transaction) abstraction: an abstraction that encompasses both safety and liveness properties in three-tier environments. We give an example implementation of that abstraction and point out alternative implementations and tradeoffs.