Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition Using Class Specific Linear Projection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Image warping for shape recovery and recognition
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
New Constraints on Data-Closeness and Needle Map Consistency for Shape-from-Shading
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
What is the set of images of an object under all possible lighting conditions?
CVPR '96 Proceedings of the 1996 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR '96)
Comparing Images under Variable Illumination
CVPR '98 Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Illumination Cones for Recognition under Variable Lighting: Faces
CVPR '98 Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Face Pose Discrimination Using Support Vector Machines (SVM)
ICPR '98 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Pattern Recognition-Volume 1 - Volume 1
Estimating Pose of Human Face Based on Symmetry Plane Using Range and Intensity Images
ICPR '98 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Pattern Recognition-Volume 2 - Volume 2
Reillumination-driven shape from shading
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Person-independent head pose estimation using biased manifold embedding
EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing
Reillumination-driven shape from shading
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
What is the average human face?
PSIVT'06 Proceedings of the First Pacific Rim conference on Advances in Image and Video Technology
Vector quantization segmentation for head pose estimation
IDEAL'06 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning
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This paper reports the application of a recently developed shape-from-shading technique to estimate facial pose. The shape-from-shading algorithm uses a new geometric technique for solving the image irradiance equation together with curvature consistency constraints. Orientation histograms extracted from the the needle-maps delivered by the new shape-from-shading algorithm are used to estimate facial pose. We present a simple model of how the histogram bin-contents transform under rotation of the head. The parameters of this model are the head pose angles. We estimate pose by searching for the rotation angles which maximise the correlation between transformed histograms. A sensitivity analysis reveals that the methods can deliver pose estimates that are accurate within a few degrees.