Learning from Innate Behaviors: A QuantitativeEvaluation of Neural Network Controllers

  • Authors:
  • Noel E. Sharkey

  • Affiliations:
  • Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, UK. E-mail: noel@dcs.shef.ac.uk

  • Venue:
  • Autonomous Robots
  • Year:
  • 1998

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Abstract

The aim was to investigate a method of developing mobile robotcontrollers based on ideas about how plastic neural systems adapt totheir environment by extracting regularities from the amalgamatedbehavior of inflexible (nonplastic) innate subsystems interactingwith the world. Incremental bootstrapping of neural networkcontrollers was examined. The objective was twofold. First, todevelop and evaluate the use of prewired or innate robotcontrollers to bootstrap backpropagation learning for MultilayerPerceptron (MLP) controllers. Second, to develop and evaluate a newMLP controller trained on the back of another bootstrapped controller.The experimental hypothesis was that MLPs would improve on theperformance of controllers used to train them. The performances ofthe innate and bootstrapped MLP controllers were compared in eightexperiments on the tasks of avoiding obstacles and finding goals.Four quantitative measures were employed: the number of sensorimotorloops required to complete a task; the distance traveled; the meandistance from walls and obstacles; the smoothness of travel. Theoverall pattern of results from statistical analyses of thesequantities supported the hypothesis; the MLP controllers completed thetasks faster, smoother, and steered further from obstaclesand walls than their innate teachers. In particular, a single MLPcontroller incrementally bootstrapped by a MLP subsumption controllerwas superior to the others.