Conceptual scaffolding: using metaphors to build knowledge structures
ECAI '92 Proceedings of the 10th European conference on Artificial intelligence
Competitive hypothesis resolution in TWIG, a blackboard-driven text understanding system
ECAI '92 Proceedings of the 10th European conference on Artificial intelligence
Some chart-based techniques for parsing ill-formed input
ACL '89 Proceedings of the 27th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
COLING '92 Proceedings of the 14th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 3
The development of language processing support for the ViSiCAST project
Assets '00 Proceedings of the fourth international ACM conference on Assistive technologies
Intelligent Thai text - Thai sign translation for language learning
Computers & Education
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
Collecting a motion-capture corpus of American Sign Language for data-driven generation research
SLPAT '10 Proceedings of the NAACL HLT 2010 Workshop on Speech and Language Processing for Assistive Technologies
A virtual interpreter for the Italian sign language
IVA'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent virtual agents
Manual labour: tackling machine translation for sign languages
Machine Translation
Collecting and evaluating the CUNY ASL corpus for research on American Sign Language animation
Computer Speech and Language
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The sign languages used by deaf communities around the world representa linguistic challenge that natural-language researchers in AI haveonly recently begun to take up. This challenge is particularlyrelevant to research in Machine Translation (MT), as natural signlanguages haveevolved in deaf communities into efficient modes of gesturalcommunication, which differ from English not only in modality but ingrammatical structure, exploiting a higher dimensionalityof spatial expression. In this paper we describe Zardoz, an on-goingAI research system that tackles the cross-modal MTproblem, translating English text into fluid sign language. The paperpresents an architectural overview of Zardoz, describing its centralblackboard organization, the nature of its interlingualrepresentation, and the major components which interact through thisblackboard both to analyze the verbal input and generate thecorresponding gestural output in one of a number of sign variants.