A framework of a mechanical translation between Japanese and English by analogy principle
Proc. of the international NATO symposium on Artificial and human intelligence
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Representation of american sign language for machine translation
Representation of american sign language for machine translation
The mathematics of statistical machine translation: parameter estimation
Computational Linguistics - Special issue on using large corpora: II
A syntax-based statistical translation model
ACL '01 Proceedings of the 39th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
BLEU: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation
ACL '02 Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Transfer-based statistical translation of Taiwanese sign language using PCFG
ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing (TALIP)
Evaluation of American Sign Language Generation by Native ASL Signers
ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS)
SPMT: statistical machine translation with syntactified target language phrases
EMNLP '06 Proceedings of the 2006 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Improving word alignment using syntactic dependencies
SSST '08 Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Syntax and Structure in Statistical Translation
A study of cross-validation and bootstrap for accuracy estimation and model selection
IJCAI'95 Proceedings of the 14th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
Syntax augmented machine translation via chart parsing
StatMT '06 Proceedings of the Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation
South African sign language assistive translation
Telehealth/AT '08 Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Telehealth/Assistive Technologies
Syntactically Lexicalized Phrase-Based SMT
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
Building a generator for Italian sign language
ENLG '11 Proceedings of the 13th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation
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This paper presents a structural statistical machine translation (SSMT) model to deal with the data sparseness problem that occurs as a result of the necessarily small corpus to translate Chinese into Taiwanese Sign Language (TSL). A parallel bilingual corpus was developed, and linguistic information from the Sinica Treebank is adopted for Chinese sentence analysis. The Synchronous Context Free Grammar (SCFG) was adopted to convert a Chinese structure to the corresponding TSL structure and then extract a translation memory which comprises the thematic relations between the grammar rules of both structures. In structural translation, the statistical MT (SMT) approach was used to align the thematic roles in the grammar rules and the translation memory provides the reference templates for TSL structure translation. Finally, the agreement information for TSL verbs was labeled for enriching the expressiveness of the translated TSL sequence. Several experiments were conducted to evaluate the translation performance and the communication effectiveness for the deaf. The evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms a baseline statistical MT system using the same small corpus, especially for the translation of long sentences.