Copy detection mechanisms for digital documents
SIGMOD '95 Proceedings of the 1995 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Building a scalable and accurate copy detection mechanism
Proceedings of the first ACM international conference on Digital libraries
IBM Systems Journal
Encryption and Secure Computer Networks
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory: Radar-Sonar Signal Processing and Gaussian Signals in Noise
Safeguarding and Charging for Information on the Internet
ICDE '98 Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on Data Engineering
A Feature Calibration Method For Watermarking Of Document Images
ICDAR '99 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Document marking and identification using both line and word shifting
INFOCOM '95 Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communication Societies (Vol. 2)-Volume - Volume 2
Detecting digital copyright violations on the internet
Detecting digital copyright violations on the internet
Adaptive Visible Watermarking of Images
ICMCS '99 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems - Volume 2
Performance comparison of two text marking methods
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Electronic marking and identification techniques to discourage document copying
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Copyright protection for electronic publishing over computer networks
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
An attack-localizing watermarking scheme for natural language documents
ASIACCS '06 Proceedings of the 2006 ACM Symposium on Information, computer and communications security
Natural language watermarking via morphosyntactic alterations
Computer Speech and Language
Authorship Proof for Textual Document
Information Hiding
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With the tremendous development of the Internet, it has become desirable to distribute text documents electronically. However, commercial publishers may be reluctant to offer valuable digital documents online for the fear that they will be re-transmitted or copied illegally. To address this problem, we propose a robust watermarking technique, whereby electronic text documents are fingerprinted with one or more semantics-preserving modifications to the document text. The text modifications may be selected so that multiple copies of the same master document will all have the same meaning. By examining text modifications in an unauthorized copy, one can identify the authorized source and the recepient. In this paper, we present a new method that is accurate, robust against attacks (e.g., the cyber pirate may post only a section or a paragraph of a registered text online), scalable (e.g., a few pages of text to hundreds of pages) and secure (e.g., remove or modify embedded watermark with or without knowledge of watermarking method). This approach could therefore facilitate e-commerce of newspapers, journals, magazines, and in general any electronic text document possessing commercial value.