Watermarking of Electronic Text Documents
Electronic Commerce Research
Fingerprinting Text in Logical Markup Languages
ISC '01 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Information Security
A New Digital Watermarking for Text Document Images Using Diagonal Profile
PCM '01 Proceedings of the Second IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia: Advances in Multimedia Information Processing
PCA-based web page watermarking
Pattern Recognition
A new repeating color watermarking scheme based on human visual model
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Detection of word shift steganography in PDF document
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Security and privacy in communication netowrks
High-Capacity Invisible Background Encoding for Digital Authentication of Hardcopy Documents
IWDW '07 Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Digital Watermarking
Robust audio watermarking using improved TS echo hiding
Digital Signal Processing
High Capacity Data Hiding in Binary Document Images
IWDW '09 Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Digital Watermarking
A fragile watermarking scheme based on SVD for web pages
WiCOM'09 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Wireless communications, networking and mobile computing
A statistical approach for ownership identification of digital images
ACIVS'06 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Advanced Concepts For Intelligent Vision Systems
A digital rights management approach for gray-level images
ICAPR'05 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis - Volume Part II
PCM'06 Proceedings of the 7th Pacific Rim conference on Advances in Multimedia Information Processing
IWDW'06 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Digital Watermarking
Watermark based recovery of tampered documents
Proceedings of the ACM SIGKDD Workshop on Intelligence and Security Informatics
Three novel algorithms for hiding data in PDF files based on incremental updates
IWDW'11 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Digital-Forensics and Watermarking
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A text document typically consists of a collection of regular structures such as words, lines, and paragraphs, a slight movement of which seems less perceptible than, say, dithering of the document image. We exploit this property to watermark formatted text documents by shifting slightly certain lines and words in order to discourage illicit distribution. We analyze two methods for reliable document identification in the presence of severe distortions introduced by photocopying, facsimile transmission, and other processing. The correlation method uses document profiles directly for detection. To eliminate the effect of certain distortions, the centroid method bases its decision on the distances between the centroids of adjacent profile blocks. We present the maximum likelihood detectors for both methods and evaluate their relative performance. Our analysis indicates that line-shift generally has a smaller error than word-shift detection, and that the correlation detector outperforms the centroid detector provided certain distortions can be accurately compensated for before detection is attempted. These results have been applied to implement a marking and identification system and preliminary experimental results have been very promising