Watermarking of Electronic Text Documents
Electronic Commerce Research
A Text Watermarking Algorithm based on Word Classification and Inter-word Space Statistics
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 2
Watermarking text document images using edge direction histograms
Pattern Recognition Letters
Text luminance modulation for hardcopy watermarking
Signal Processing
A General Data Hiding Framework and Multi-level Signature for Binary Images
IWDW '07 Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Digital Watermarking
Embedding biometric watermark on text document using flipping
MUSP'09 Proceedings of the 9th WSEAS international conference on Multimedia systems & signal processing
High Capacity Data Hiding in Binary Document Images
IWDW '09 Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Digital Watermarking
A secure partition-based document image watermarking scheme
International Journal of Information and Computer Security
Steganography via running short text messages
Multimedia Tools and Applications
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This paper describes a feature calibration scheme for use in embedding and detecting watermarks in document images. Such watermarks have a variety of uses, including copyright protection, content identification, and tamper-proofing. In general, a watermark is encoded as a displacement of certain features that can be extracted from target document images. One of the technical challenges is reliable detection of the displacement when images are distorted by print-and-scan processes.We propose a calibration method that uses the difference between two features extracted from two sets of partitions arranged symmetrically. Since this method counter-balances the cumulative effects on the features of distortions added in the print-and-scan process, the displacement can be reliably detected. The feasibility of the method was investigated by using the average width of character strokes is used as a feature.