Watermarking text document images using edge direction histograms

Authors:
Young-Won Kim;Il-Seok Oh
Affiliations:
Department of Computer Science, Chonbuk National University, Deakjin-dong 664-14, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, South Korea;Department of Computer Science, Chonbuk National University, Deakjin-dong 664-14, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, South Korea
Venue:
Pattern Recognition Letters
Year:
2004

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Abstract

This paper proposes a novel watermarking algorithm for grayscale text document images. The algorithm inserts the watermark signals through edge direction histograms. The concept of sub-image consistency is developed. The concept means the sub-images have similar-shaped edge direction histograms and it is shown to be valid over a wide range of document images. Algorithms to insert and detect watermark signals are proposed. The experiments performed with various document images produced plausible results in terms of robustness.