A Text Watermarking Algorithm based on Word Classification and Inter-word Space Statistics
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 2
Watermarking text document images using edge direction histograms
Pattern Recognition Letters
Component-based digital watermarking of Chinese texts
InfoSecu '04 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Information security
Text luminance modulation for hardcopy watermarking
Signal Processing
Chinese text watermarking based on occlusive components
Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust: Bridge the Gap Between PST Technologies and Business Services
A General Data Hiding Framework and Multi-level Signature for Binary Images
IWDW '07 Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Digital Watermarking
A new approach for steganography in Bengali text
Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering
A secure partition-based document image watermarking scheme
International Journal of Information and Computer Security
Hindi text steganography - An approach to information hiding
Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering - Special Supplement Issue in Section A and B: Selected Papers from the ISCA International Conference on Software Engineering and Data Engineering, 2009
International Journal of Electronic Security and Digital Forensics
Steganography via running short text messages
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Content-Based information security technique for chinese text
FSKD'06 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery
PCM'06 Proceedings of the 7th Pacific Rim conference on Advances in Multimedia Information Processing
A bandwidth efficiency of lempel-ziv scheme for data authentication
KES'05 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems - Volume Part IV
A dual binary image watermarking based on wavelet domain and pixel distribution features
MMM'10 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Advances in Multimedia Modeling
Text split-based steganography in OOXML format documents for covert communication
Security and Communication Networks
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Digital watermarking is widely believed to be a valid means to discourage illicit distribution of information content. Digital watermarking methods for text documents are limited because of the binary nature of text documents. A distinct feature of a text document is its space patterning. We propose a new approach in text watermarking in which interword spaces of different text lines are slightly modified. After the modification, the average spaces of various lines have the characteristics of a sine wave and the wave constitutes a mark. Both nonblind and blind watermarking algorithms are discussed. Preliminary experiments have shown promising results. Our experiments suggest that space patterning of text documents can be a useful tool in digital watermarking